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vitest-bdd-3layer

Testing & Quality
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DashPlayer 三层 Vitest-BDD 技能。Use when developers want business-readable BDD scenarios without coupling scenario writing to code implementation details. Triggers on: "BDD 三层", "行为测试分层", "给定当那么", "Vitest BDD", "不想在场景里写实现".

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目的

在 DashPlayer 中用 Vitest + 三层模型 编写 BDD 测试,让“场景编写”与“实现细节”解耦。

目标效果:

  • 场景层只写业务句子(给定/当/那么)
  • 步骤层维护业务动作词典
  • 实现层收敛 mock / fixture / adapter

适用范围

  • 业务规则清晰、需要可读验收场景的模块
  • service + IPC + renderer 契约验证
  • 希望后续可扩展为更多业务域(settings / ai-trans / watch-history)

不适用:

  • 纯算法工具函数(普通单测更高效)
  • 高波动、易 flaky 的强时序用例

三层目录规范(必须遵守)

以 settings 为例:

  1. 场景层(Scenario Layer)

    • src/backend/application/services/__tests__/Xxx.bdd.test.ts
    • 只能写 given/when/then 业务语句
    • 禁止直接 new Service、vi.spyOn、store.set/get
  2. 步骤词典层(Step Dictionary Layer)

    • src/backend/application/services/__tests__/bdd/xxx.steps.ts
    • 用英文方法名组织能力:given* / when* / then*
    • 场景层仅调用步骤层方法
  3. 实现层(Fixture/Adapter Layer)

    • src/backend/application/services/__tests__/bdd/xxx.fixture.ts
    • 统一管理 mock、fixture、依赖注入与底层调用

工具类约定

复用:src/test/bdd.ts

推荐导入方式(避免 ESM then 命名导出陷阱):

import bdd from '@/test/bdd'
const { scenario, given, when, then } = bdd

标准落地流程

1) 先写场景清单(业务句子)

每条场景必须是一句中文:

给定<前置条件>,当<触发动作>,那么<业务结果>

2) 定义步骤词典方法

使用英文命名,示例:

  • givenInvalidProviderValues()
  • whenQueryEngineSelection()
  • thenProvidersNormalizedToNone()

规则:

  • given* 只做前置状态准备
  • when* 只触发行为
  • then* 只做业务结果断言

3) 在实现层补齐 fixture

实现层负责:

  • service 实例创建
  • store/mock 初始化
  • spy 管理(如 fs.existsSync)
  • 数据读写 helper(setValue/getValue)

4) 场景层只编排,不实现

场景层示例:

scenario('设置:引擎选择行为', () => {
  it('给定 provider 值非法,当查询引擎选择,那么应归一化为 none', async () => {
    await given('给定:provider 值非法', () => steps.givenInvalidProviderValues())
    await when('当:查询引擎选择', () => steps.whenQueryEngineSelection())
    await then('那么:应归一化为 none', () => steps.thenProvidersNormalizedToNone())
  })
})

评审清单(8项)

  • 场景名是“给定/当/那么”中文句式
  • 场景层无技术细节(无 mock/new/spyon)
  • 步骤方法命名统一 given/when/then 前缀
  • 步骤层不堆叠复杂 mock 逻辑
  • 实现层集中管理依赖和替身
  • Then 断言面向业务结果,不是私有实现
  • 场景间状态隔离(beforeEach 重置)
  • yarn test:bdd 可通过

常见误用(必须避免)

  1. 在场景层直接写 mock 或访问 store
  2. 步骤方法名中英混用(触发命名规则告警)
  3. 一个场景覆盖多个业务承诺
  4. 只断言内部调用次数,不断言业务结果
  5. 步骤层直接包含大量底层构造逻辑(应下沉实现层)

运行命令

yarn test:bdd
yarn test:bdd:watch

扩展建议

  • 新业务域按同样三层创建:
    • xxx.bdd.test.ts
    • bdd/xxx.steps.ts
    • bdd/xxx.fixture.ts
  • 优先复用 src/test/bdd.ts,不要重复造 DSL。