macos-ui-verify

macOS UI 截图自验证

通过截图 + AI 分析实现 macOS 原生 App 的 UI 自我验证，无需用户手动测试。

工具选型结论（实测验证）

推荐优先级

为什么 cliclick 失败？

cliclick 发送硬件级鼠标事件（CGEvent）。macOS 规定：点击 inactive 窗口的第一次点击只激活窗口，不传递到控件。 osascript click at 在 System Events 进程内直接触发 AX Press action，完全绕过窗口激活流程。

为什么需要 cgclick（第三选）？

某些 SwiftUI 控件（如 Settings 里的 Theme 选择按钮）在 AX 树中被标记为 AXGroup 而非 AXButton，没有任何 AX action。

• ax_click 无效（只搜索 AXButton）
• osascript click at 无效（AXGroup 上没有 Press action 可调用）
• 必须绕过 AX 层，使用 CGEvent 直接向 HID 层发送鼠标按下/抬起事件
• 前提：应用必须已在前台（先 tell application "FluxMarkdown" to activate）

为什么 Appium mac2 对 Settings 失效？

SwiftUI Settings scene 是辅助窗口（secondary window），WDA 只扫 active 主窗口，Settings 窗口的所有控件坐标返回 {y:982, x:0, w:0, h:0}。

核心工具链

标准验证循环

1. 确保窗口打开并置前
2. 获取窗口 ID
3. 截图 → look_at 分析
4. 操作 UI（点击/键盘）
5. 再截图 → look_at 验证状态变化
6. 重复直到确认修复

Step 1：获取窗口 ID

cat > /tmp/findwin.swift << 'EOF'
import Cocoa
let wins = CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(.optionOnScreenOnly, kCGNullWindowID) as! [[String: Any]]
for w in wins {
    let owner = w["kCGWindowOwnerName"] as? String ?? ""
    let name  = w["kCGWindowName"]      as? String ?? ""
    let wid   = w["kCGWindowNumber"]    as? Int    ?? 0
    if owner.contains("FluxMarkdown") || name.contains("设置") {
        print("ID=\(wid) Owner=\(owner) Name=\(name)")
    }
}
EOF
swiftc /tmp/findwin.swift -o /tmp/findwin && /tmp/findwin

输出示例：ID=1067 Owner=FluxMarkdown Name=FluxMarkdown设置

Step 2：打开目标窗口

# 打开 Settings（Cmd+,）
osascript << 'EOF'
tell application "FluxMarkdown" to activate
delay 0.3
tell application "System Events"
    keystroke "," using {command down}
end tell
delay 1.2
EOF

Step 3：精确截图

# 用窗口 ID 截图（不受遮挡影响）
screencapture -l <WINDOW_ID> /tmp/verify_before.png

然后用 look_at 分析：

look_at(
  file_path="/tmp/verify_before.png",
  goal="描述 Theme 区域三个按钮状态：哪个选中？有无 focus ring 蓝色发光边框？"
)

提问技巧：goal 要具体，指名要检查的元素和症状词（如 "focus ring"、"蓝色发光"、"底部线条"）。

Step 4：操作 UI 触发状态变化

推荐方案：Swift AX API（按名称点击，不依赖坐标）

cat > /tmp/ax_click.swift << 'EOF'
import Cocoa
import ApplicationServices

func getAttrStr(_ elem: AXUIElement, _ attr: String) -> String? {
    var val: CFTypeRef?
    guard AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(elem, attr as CFString, &val) == .success else { return nil }
    return val as? String
}
func getAttrArr(_ elem: AXUIElement, _ attr: String) -> [AXUIElement]? {
    var val: CFTypeRef?
    guard AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(elem, attr as CFString, &val) == .success else { return nil }
    return val as? [AXUIElement]
}
func findByDesc(_ elem: AXUIElement, _ target: String, depth: Int = 0) -> AXUIElement? {
    guard depth < 12 else { return nil }
    let desc = getAttrStr(elem, kAXDescriptionAttribute as String) ?? ""
    let role = getAttrStr(elem, kAXRoleAttribute as String) ?? ""
    if role == "AXButton" && desc == target { return elem }
    if let children = getAttrArr(elem, kAXChildrenAttribute as String) {
        for child in children {
            if let found = findByDesc(child, target, depth: depth + 1) { return found }
        }
    }
    return nil
}
let apps = NSWorkspace.shared.runningApplications
guard let app = apps.first(where: { $0.localizedName?.contains("FluxMarkdown") == true }) else {
    print("not found"); exit(1)
}
let target = CommandLine.arguments.count > 1 ? CommandLine.arguments[1] : ""
let root = AXUIElementCreateApplication(app.processIdentifier)
if let btn = findByDesc(root, target) {
    let ok = AXUIElementPerformAction(btn, kAXPressAction as CFString)
    print("Click '\(target)': \(ok == .success ? "OK" : "FAIL")")
} else { print("Not found: '\(target)'") }
EOF
swiftc /tmp/ax_click.swift -o /tmp/ax_click 2>/dev/null

# 按名称点击（desc 字段）
/tmp/ax_click "Rendering"   # 点侧边栏 Rendering 标签
/tmp/ax_click "Dark"        # 点 Theme 区域 Dark 按钮
/tmp/ax_click "System"      # 点 System 按钮
sleep 0.5

枚举当前页面所有可交互控件（含坐标）

cat > /tmp/ax_tree.swift << 'EOF'
import Cocoa
import ApplicationServices

func s(_ e: AXUIElement, _ a: String) -> String? {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    return AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, a as CFString, &v) == .success ? v as? String : nil
}
func arr(_ e: AXUIElement, _ a: String) -> [AXUIElement]? {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    return AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, a as CFString, &v) == .success ? v as? [AXUIElement] : nil
}
func pos(_ e: AXUIElement) -> String {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    guard AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, kAXPositionAttribute as CFString, &v) == .success,
          let av = v, CFGetTypeID(av) == AXValueGetTypeID() else { return "?" }
    var pt = CGPoint.zero; AXValueGetValue(av as! AXValue, .cgPoint, &pt)
    return "\(Int(pt.x)),\(Int(pt.y))"
}
func sz(_ e: AXUIElement) -> String {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    guard AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, kAXSizeAttribute as CFString, &v) == .success,
          let av = v, CFGetTypeID(av) == AXValueGetTypeID() else { return "?" }
    var sz = CGSize.zero; AXValueGetValue(av as! AXValue, .cgSize, &sz)
    return "\(Int(sz.width))x\(Int(sz.height))"
}
let interactive: Set<String> = ["AXButton","AXCheckBox","AXSlider","AXRadioButton","AXPopUpButton","AXTextField"]
func walk(_ e: AXUIElement, _ d: Int = 0) {
    guard d < 12 else { return }
    let role = s(e, kAXRoleAttribute as String) ?? ""
    if interactive.contains(role) {
        let title = s(e, kAXTitleAttribute as String) ?? ""
        let desc  = s(e, kAXDescriptionAttribute as String) ?? ""
        print("\(String(repeating:"  ",count:d))\(role) desc='\(desc)' title='\(title)' pos=\(pos(e)) size=\(sz(e))")
    }
    arr(e, kAXChildrenAttribute as String)?.forEach { walk($0, d+1) }
}
let apps = NSWorkspace.shared.runningApplications
if let app = apps.first(where: { $0.localizedName?.contains("FluxMarkdown") == true }) {
    walk(AXUIElementCreateApplication(app.processIdentifier))
}
EOF
swiftc /tmp/ax_tree.swift -o /tmp/ax_tree 2>/dev/null
/tmp/ax_tree

CGEvent 低级点击（第三选：SwiftUI AXGroup 无 AX action 的控件）

适用场景：控件在 AX 树中为 AXGroup，没有任何 AX action，ax_click 和 osascript click at 都无效时。 典型案例：FluxMarkdown Settings 中的 Light/Dark/System Theme 选择按钮。

前提：应用必须已在前台（先 activate）。

cat > /tmp/cgclick.swift << 'EOF'
import Cocoa
guard CommandLine.arguments.count == 3,
      let x = Double(CommandLine.arguments[1]),
      let y = Double(CommandLine.arguments[2]) else {
    print("Usage: cgclick <x> <y>")
    exit(1)
}
let pt  = CGPoint(x: x, y: y)
let src = CGEventSource(stateID: .combinedSessionState)
let dn  = CGEvent(mouseEventSource: src, mouseType: .leftMouseDown,
                  mouseCursorPosition: pt, mouseButton: .left)!
dn.post(tap: .cghidEventTap)
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.05)
let up  = CGEvent(mouseEventSource: src, mouseType: .leftMouseUp,
                  mouseCursorPosition: pt, mouseButton: .left)!
up.post(tap: .cghidEventTap)
print("CGEvent click at \(Int(x)),\(Int(y))")
EOF
swiftc /tmp/cgclick.swift -o /tmp/cgclick 2>/dev/null

# 使用（先确保应用在前台）：
osascript -e 'tell application "FluxMarkdown" to activate'
sleep 0.3
/tmp/cgclick 710 529   # Light 按钮中心
/tmp/cgclick 831 530   # Dark 按钮中心
/tmp/cgclick 953 530   # System 按钮中心
sleep 0.5

坐标来源：先用 ax_full（见下方）枚举指定 Y 范围内的所有元素，取中心点坐标。

枚举指定 Y 范围内所有元素（含 AXGroup）

cat > /tmp/ax_full.swift << 'EOF'
import Cocoa
import ApplicationServices

func s(_ e: AXUIElement, _ a: String) -> String? {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    return AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, a as CFString, &v) == .success ? v as? String : nil
}
func arr(_ e: AXUIElement, _ a: String) -> [AXUIElement]? {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    return AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, a as CFString, &v) == .success ? v as? [AXUIElement] : nil
}
func pos(_ e: AXUIElement) -> CGPoint? {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    guard AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, kAXPositionAttribute as CFString, &v) == .success,
          let av = v, CFGetTypeID(av) == AXValueGetTypeID() else { return nil }
    var pt = CGPoint.zero; AXValueGetValue(av as! AXValue, .cgPoint, &pt); return pt
}
func sz(_ e: AXUIElement) -> CGSize? {
    var v: CFTypeRef?
    guard AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(e, kAXSizeAttribute as CFString, &v) == .success,
          let av = v, CFGetTypeID(av) == AXValueGetTypeID() else { return nil }
    var s = CGSize.zero; AXValueGetValue(av as! AXValue, .cgSize, &s); return s
}
// 枚举 Y 范围内所有元素（不限制 role）
let yMin = CommandLine.arguments.count > 1 ? (Double(CommandLine.arguments[1]) ?? 0) : 0
let yMax = CommandLine.arguments.count > 2 ? (Double(CommandLine.arguments[2]) ?? 9999) : 9999
func walk(_ e: AXUIElement, _ d: Int = 0) {
    guard d < 14 else { return }
    if let p = pos(e), let z = sz(e) {
        let cy = p.y + z.height/2
        if cy >= yMin && cy <= yMax && z.width > 10 && z.height > 10 {
            let role  = s(e, kAXRoleAttribute  as String) ?? ""
            let title = s(e, kAXTitleAttribute as String) ?? ""
            let desc  = s(e, kAXDescriptionAttribute as String) ?? ""
            let cx = Int(p.x + z.width/2); let cy2 = Int(p.y + z.height/2)
            print("\(String(repeating:"  ",count:d))\(role) title='\(title)' desc='\(desc)' center=\(cx),\(cy2) size=\(Int(z.width))x\(Int(z.height))")
        }
    }
    arr(e, kAXChildrenAttribute as String)?.forEach { walk($0, d+1) }
}
if let app = NSWorkspace.shared.runningApplications.first(where: { $0.localizedName?.contains("FluxMarkdown") == true }) {
    walk(AXUIElementCreateApplication(app.processIdentifier))
}
EOF
swiftc /tmp/ax_full.swift -o /tmp/ax_full 2>/dev/null

# 枚举 Y=500~560 范围内的元素（找 Theme 按钮）
/tmp/ax_full 500 560

键盘操作

osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to keystroke "," using {command down}'

坐标点击（次选：有 AX action 但无名称的控件，如 checkbox/slider）

# ⚠️ 不要用 cliclick！它只激活窗口，不触发按钮。
# 必须用 osascript click at（在 AX 层执行，绕过窗口激活流程）
osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to tell process "FluxMarkdown" to click at {975, 519}'
sleep 0.5

坐标来源：先用 ax_tree 获取控件坐标，中心点 = pos_x + width/2, pos_y + height/2。 对于 AXGroup 控件，改用 ax_full <yMin> <yMax> 枚举该 Y 范围内所有元素。

Step 5：截图对比验证

screencapture -l <WINDOW_ID> /tmp/verify_after.png

look_at(
  file_path="/tmp/verify_after.png",
  goal="点击 Dark 按钮后：Dark 是否选中（蓝色背景+底部线）？
        有无 focus ring？Light/System 是否取消选中？"
)

FluxMarkdown 专用：Settings 窗口完整验证

# 1. 确保 FluxMarkdown 运行并打开 Settings
osascript << 'EOF'
tell application "System Events"
    tell process "FluxMarkdown"
        repeat with w in every window
            try
                if title of w contains "设置" then click button 1 of w
            end try
        end repeat
    end tell
end tell
delay 0.5
tell application "FluxMarkdown" to activate
delay 0.3
tell application "System Events"
    keystroke "," using {command down}
end tell
delay 1.2
EOF

# 2. 获取窗口 ID
swiftc /tmp/findwin.swift -o /tmp/findwin 2>/dev/null && WIN_ID=$(/tmp/findwin | grep "设置" | grep -o 'ID=[0-9]*' | cut -d= -f2)
echo "Window ID: $WIN_ID"

# 3. 切换到 Appearance 标签（点击侧边栏第一行）
ROW1_POS=$(osascript << 'EOF'
tell application "System Events"
    tell process "FluxMarkdown"
        set w  to window "FluxMarkdown设置"
        set sg to splitter group 1 of group 1 of w
        set ol to outline 1 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of sg
        set r  to row 1 of ol
        set p  to position of r
        return (item 1 of p) & " " & (item 2 of p) & " " & (item 1 of size of r) & " " & (item 2 of size of r)
    end tell
end tell
EOF
)
# 解析坐标并点击中心（用 osascript，不用 cliclick）
read -r x y w h <<< "$ROW1_POS"
cx=$((x + w/2)); cy=$((y + h/2))
osascript -e "tell application \"System Events\" to tell process \"FluxMarkdown\" to click at {$cx, $cy}"
sleep 0.5

# 4. 截图并分析
screencapture -l $WIN_ID /tmp/flux_settings_verify.png

look_at 提问模板

常见问题

FluxMarkdown 专用：Theme 按钮坐标参考

Theme 选择按钮（AXGroup，无 AX action，必须用 cgclick）：

Toolbar 主题切换按钮 desc 随状态变化（可用 ax_click 按 desc 点击）：

⚠️ 坐标与窗口位置相关。若窗口移动，需重新用 ax_full 枚举。

验证结论撰写规范

look_at 结果回来后，用以下格式记录：

✅ PASS: [具体观察] — [按钮X选中，无 focus ring，底部线干净]
❌ FAIL: [具体问题] — [按钮X 仍有蓝色发光边框（focus ring 未消除）]
→ 需要修复: [下一步行动]

只有 所有检查项都 ✅ 才能标记 UI 修复完成。