egg-unittest

Testing & Quality

本技能用于编写 EGG 应用的单元测试。覆盖 HTTP 接口测试、Service/DI 对象测试、Mock 数据模拟、BackgroundTask 和 EventBus 测试。使用 @eggjs/mock、app.httpRequest()、app.getEggObject()、mm() 等 API。

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EGG 单元测试

原理

egg-bin test 使用 Vitest 运行测试，自动完成以下工作：

以当前项目目录为 baseDir，创建并启动一个 MockApplication 实例（即 app）
注入 @eggjs/mock/setup_vitest 管理 app 生命周期（beforeAll 启动 app、afterEach 恢复 mock、afterAll 关闭 app）
注入 Vitest 全局变量（describe、it、beforeAll 等），无需手动 import 测试代码中通过 import { app, mm } from '@eggjs/mock/bootstrap' 获取已启动的 app 实例和 mock 工具，直接使用即可。

配置检查

确保项目中有以下配置：

package.json：

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "egg-bin test"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@eggjs/bin": "^8",
    "@eggjs/mock": "^8"
  }
}

测试文件约定：

测试目录：test/
文件命名：*.test.ts

自定义 setup 文件（可选）：

如果存在 test/.setup.ts，egg-bin 会自动将其加入 vitest setupFiles，在 @eggjs/mock/setup_vitest 之前执行（即 app 启动之前）。可用于设置环境变量等全局初始化：

// test/.setup.ts
beforeAll(() => {
  process.env.SOME_CONFIG = 'test-value';
});

简单示例

HTTP 接口测试

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { app } from '@eggjs/mock/bootstrap';

describe('test/controller/home.test.ts', () => {
  it('should GET /', () => {
    return app.httpRequest().get('/').expect(200).expect('hello world');
  });
});

Service 测试

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { app } from '@eggjs/mock/bootstrap';
import { UserService } from '../app/modules/user/UserService.ts';

describe('test/service/user.test.ts', () => {
  it('should get user', async () => {
    const userService = await app.getEggObject(UserService);
    const user = await userService.getById('1');
    assert(user);
    assert.equal(user.name, 'test');
  });
});

测试场景决策树

要测什么？

1. HTTP 接口（GET/POST/PUT/DELETE）？
   → 参考 references/http-test.md

2. Service / DI 对象的方法？
   → 参考 references/service-test.md

3. 需要 mock 外部依赖？（HTTP 调用、Service 方法、Session、CSRF）
   → 参考 references/mock.md

4. BackgroundTaskHelper（后台异步任务）？
   → 参考 references/background-task-test.md

5. EventBus（事件驱动）？
   → 参考 references/eventbus-test.md

快速参考

API	说明
`import { app, mm } from '@eggjs/mock/bootstrap'`	标准测试入口
`app.httpRequest().get('/path').expect(200)`	HTTP 接口测试
`app.getEggObject(Class)`	获取 SingletonProto / ContextProto 实例
`app.mockModuleContextScope(async (ctx) => { ... })`	ContextProto 测试作用域
`mm(Class.prototype, 'method', fn)`	Mock Proto 方法
`app.mockCsrf()`	跳过 CSRF 校验（POST 测试必备）
`app.mockHttpclient(url, data)`	Mock 外部 HTTP 调用
`app.getEventWaiter()`	获取 EventBus 事件等待器

常见错误

错误写法	正确写法	说明
`import { app } from 'egg'`	`import { app } from '@eggjs/mock/bootstrap'`	测试使用 mock 包
`before()` / `after()`	`beforeAll()` / `afterAll()`	Vitest 钩子，不是 Mocha
POST 测试报 403	加 `app.mockCsrf()`	安全插件默认开启 CSRF
手动写 `afterEach(mm.restore)`	不需要	egg-bin 自动注入 mock 恢复
代码写在 describe 内、hooks 外	放入 `beforeAll` / `beforeEach`	describe 体在加载阶段就执行
`await app.ready()` 配合 bootstrap	不需要	bootstrap 自动处理生命周期

参考资料

references/http-test.md — HTTP 接口测试
references/service-test.md — Service/DI 对象测试
references/mock.md — Mock 模式
references/background-task-test.md — BackgroundTaskHelper 测试
references/eventbus-test.md — EventBus 测试