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linguistics-analysis

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Analyze language structures, typological features, and semantic change across languages

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Source SKILL.md: https://github.com/beita6969/ScienceClaw/blob/HEAD/skills/linguistics-analysis/SKILL.md

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Linguistics Analysis

Purpose

Analyze language structures, cross-linguistic patterns, and diachronic semantic change.

Key Datasets

  • WALS (wals.info): 192 linguistic features across 2,679 languages — phonology, morphology, syntax, word order
  • HistWords (nlp.stanford.edu/projects/histwords): Diachronic word embeddings for English, French, German, Chinese
  • Universal Dependencies: 200+ treebanks, 100+ languages, dependency annotation

Analysis Types

  • Typological analysis: Feature distributions, language universals, areal patterns
  • Diachronic analysis: Semantic drift, grammaticalization, lexical change
  • Syntactic analysis: Constituency/dependency parsing, word order patterns
  • Phonological analysis: Sound inventories, phonotactics, prosody
  • Corpus analysis: Frequency distributions, collocations, concordances

Protocol

  1. Language identification — Identify language family, branch, typological profile
  2. Feature analysis — Map relevant WALS features for target language(s)
  3. Comparative analysis — Cross-linguistic comparison using typological databases
  4. Statistical testing — Test for significant patterns (chi-square, Fisher's exact)
  5. Visualization — Geographic and phylogenetic visualizations of features

Rules

  • Use ISO 639-3 language codes for unambiguous identification
  • Cite primary grammars and fieldwork sources
  • Distinguish descriptive from prescriptive claims
  • Handle endangered language data with cultural sensitivity