T0866_exploitation-of-remote-services

T0866 Exploitation of Remote Services

High-Level Description

Adversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to take advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to enable remote service abuse. A common goal for post-compromise exploitation of remote services is for initial access into and lateral movement throughout the ICS environment to enable access to targeted systems.

ICS asset owners and operators have been affected by ransomware (or disruptive malware masquerading as ransomware) migrating from enterprise IT to ICS environments: WannaCry, NotPetya, and BadRabbit. In each of these cases, self-propagating (wormable) malware initially infected IT networks, but through exploit (particularly the SMBv1-targeting MS17-010 vulnerability) spread to industrial networks, producing significant impacts.

Kill Chain Phase

• Initial Access (TA0108)
• Lateral Movement (TA0109)

Platforms: ICS

What to Check

• Identify if Exploitation of Remote Services technique is applicable to target ICS environment
• Check ICS/SCADA systems for indicators of Exploitation of Remote Services
• Verify mitigations are bypassed or absent (8 known mitigations)
• Assess detection coverage (1 detection strategies)

How to Test

Identify Attack Surface

Determine if the target ICS/SCADA environment is susceptible to Exploitation of Remote Services by examining operational technology systems and network architecture.

Assess Existing Defenses

Review whether mitigations for T0866 are in place. If defenses are absent or misconfigured, this technique may be exploitable in the ICS environment.

Remediation Guide

M0916 Vulnerability Scanning

Regularly scan the internal network for available services to identify new and potentially vulnerable services.

M0942 Disable or Remove Feature or Program

Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation.

M0950 Exploit Protection

Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for all software or services targeted.

M0919 Threat Intelligence Program

Develop a robust cyber threat intelligence capability to determine what types and levels of threat may use software exploits and 0-days against a particular organization.

M0930 Network Segmentation

Segment networks and systems appropriately to reduce access to critical system and services communications.

M0948 Application Isolation and Sandboxing

Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist.

M0926 Privileged Account Management

Minimize permissions and access for service accounts to limit impact of exploitation.

M0951 Update Software

Update software regularly by employing patch management for internal enterprise endpoints and servers.

Detection

Detection of Exploitation of Remote Services

Risk Assessment

CWE Categories

References

• Enterprise ATT&CK
• Joe Slowik April 2019
• MITRE ATT&CK ICS - T0866