java-deserialization-methodology

DevOps & Security

Java 反序列化漏洞检测与利用。当目标是 Java 应用（Tomcat/Spring/WebLogic/JBoss/Jenkins）、发现 rO0AB/aced0005 开头的 Base64 数据、HTTP 请求中有 application/x-java-serialized-object Content-Type、或存在 T3/IIOP/RMI/JNDI 协议端口时使用。覆盖 ysoserial gadget chain、JNDI 注入、Fastjson/Jackson 反序列化、Shiro rememberMe、常见中间件 CVE 利用

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Java 反序列化漏洞方法论

Java 反序列化是 Java 生态中最危险的漏洞类之一——一旦成功通常直接 RCE。

⛔ 深入参考（必读）

需要 ysoserial gadget chain 优先级表、URLDNS 检测、payload 构造 → references/ysoserial-gadgets.md
需要 JNDI 注入、Fastjson 版本 payload、Shiro/WebLogic/JBoss/Jenkins 专项 → references/jndi-fastjson.md

Phase 1: 识别 Java 反序列化入口

1.1 原生 Java 序列化数据（魔术字节）

二进制：\xac\xed\x00\x05（hex: aced0005）
Base64 编码后：以 rO0AB 开头
Gzip 压缩后再 Base64：以 H4sIAAAA 开头

检查位置：Cookie（rememberMe/VIEWSTATE）、POST Body、自定义 Header、WebSocket、RMI/T3/IIOP 协议端口

1.2 JSON 反序列化（Fastjson/Jackson）

Fastjson：JSON 中含 @type 字段 → references/jndi-fastjson.md
Jackson：启用了 DefaultTyping → JSON 中含类名数组 ["com.xxx.Class", {...}]
识别：发送畸形 JSON 观察错误堆栈中的库名

1.3 特定中间件端口

端口	服务	漏洞方向
7001/7002	WebLogic	T3/IIOP 反序列化
8009	AJP (Tomcat)	GhostCat (CVE-2020-1938)
1099	RMI Registry	RMI 反序列化
1090/8500	JBoss JMX	JMXInvokerServlet
50000	Jenkins	Jenkins CLI 反序列化

Phase 2: 利用决策树

发现序列化入口
├─ 原生序列化 (rO0AB/aced0005)?
│   ├─ 先 URLDNS 确认漏洞存在 → [references/ysoserial-gadgets.md](references/ysoserial-gadgets.md)
│   └─ 逐个尝试 CC1-7 → CommonsBeanutils → Spring → Groovy
├─ Fastjson (@type 字段)?
│   └─ 识别版本 → 选择对应 payload → [references/jndi-fastjson.md](references/jndi-fastjson.md)
├─ Shiro (rememberMe=deleteMe)?
│   └─ 默认密钥 kPH+bIxk5D2deZiIxcaaaA== → [references/jndi-fastjson.md](references/jndi-fastjson.md)
└─ Log4j (Java 应用 + 用户输入)?
    └─ ${jndi:ldap://...} → [references/jndi-fastjson.md](references/jndi-fastjson.md)

注意事项

先用 URLDNS 检测，确认漏洞存在后再尝试命令执行 gadget
ysoserial 的 Runtime.exec() 不支持管道/重定向，需要 Base64 编码命令
Java 版本影响 JNDI 利用方式（JDK < 8u191 最简单，8u191+ 需本地 Gadget）
多个 gadget chain 逐一尝试，不同 classpath 环境适用不同 gadget