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ctf-pwn

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CTF 二进制漏洞利用(Pwn)技术。当挑战提供 ELF/PE 可执行文件并开放 nc 端口、存在栈溢出/堆溢出/格式化字符串/UAF 漏洞时使用。覆盖 ROP 链构造、堆利用(tcache/House of Orange/Spirit)、内核利用、seccomp 沙箱逃逸、pwntools 自动化利用脚本编写

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CTF 二进制漏洞利用 (Pwn)

深入参考

以下参考资料按漏洞类型组织，按需加载：

漏洞类型skill 引用
栈溢出 / ret2win / Canary绕过references/stack-overflow.md
格式化字符串 / 泄漏 / GOT覆写 / Blind Pwnreferences/format-string.md
堆(UAF/double free/tcache/House of X)references/heap-exploitation.md
ROP(ret2csu/ret2libc/SROP/seccomp绕过/RETF)references/rop-techniques.md
内核堆喷 / tty_struct / userfaultfd / modprobe_pathreferences/kernel-exploitation.md
KASLR / KPTI / SMEP / SMAP / FGKASLR 绕过references/kernel-bypass.md
自定义VM / JIT / 类型混淆 / FSOP / Windows / ARMreferences/advanced-pwn.md
Python沙箱 / FUSE / Busybox / 受限Shellreferences/sandbox-escape.md
栈溢出基础 / 结构体覆写 / 有符号整数 / Canaryreferences/overflow-basics.md
ROP链构造 / ret2csu / XOR编码 / shellcodereferences/rop-and-shellcode.md
高级ROP / 双栈迁移 / UTF-8 SROP / RETF绕seccompreferences/rop-advanced.md
堆技术(House of Apple2/Einherjar/自定义分配器)references/heap-techniques.md
堆FILE结构(fastbin→stdout/vtable劫持/glibc 2.24+)references/heap-fsop.md
内核基础(环境/堆喷结构/栈溢出/提权原语)references/kernel.md
内核技术(tty_struct/userfaultfd/SLUB/Panic泄漏)references/kernel-techniques.md
高级利用2(字节码/io_uring/整数截断/GC)references/advanced-exploits-2.md
高级利用3(栈变量重叠/1字节溢出/GOT覆写)references/advanced-exploits-3.md
高级利用4(Windows SEH/ARM Thumb/Forth/GF(2))references/advanced-exploits-4.md
高级利用5(Chip-8模拟器/浮点Canary/Bloom Filter)references/advanced-exploits-5.md
Pwn 实战笔记(堆速查/利用备忘/常用命令)references/field-notes.md

大文件目录索引 (>300行，建议先看目录定位)

format-string.md (331行)：

  • Format String Basics / Argument Retargeting / Blind Pwn / Filter Bypass / Canary+PIE Leak / __free_hook Overwrite / .rela.plt Patching / Game State / .bss Pivot / argv[0] Leak

kernel-bypass.md (421行)：

  • KASLR/FGKASLR Bypass / KPTI Bypass (4 methods) / SMEP/SMAP Bypass / GDB Debug / Initramfs Workflow / Exploit Templates

kernel-exploitation.md (398行)：

  • QEMU Setup / vmlinux提取 / Config Checks / Heap Spray Structures / ret2usr / kROP / modprobe_path / core_pattern / tty_struct / userfaultfd / SLUB Internals / Cross-Cache / PTE Overlap

advanced-pwn.md (591行)：

  • VM Exploitation / Integer Vulnerabilities / Memory Primitives / Arbitrary R/W / FSOP+Heap / Specialized (ASAN/DNS/ELF Signing/JIT) / TLS Destructor / GF(2) Gaussian / Windows/ARM/Forth

分类决策树

Pwn 题目分析？
├─ 检查保护: checksec binary
│  ├─ PIE 关闭 → 地址固定，直接覆写 GOT/PLT
│  ├─ Partial RELRO → GOT 可写 → GOT覆写
│  ├─ Full RELRO → 需找替代目标(hooks/vtable/.fini_array)
│  ├─ NX 开启 → 不能执行栈/堆shellcode → 用 ROP
│  └─ Canary → 需泄漏或用堆/字节溢出绕过
├─ 漏洞类型
│  ├─ 栈溢出
│  │  ├─ 基础 ret2win → `stack-overflow.md`
│  │  ├─ ret2libc / ROP → `rop-techniques.md`
│  │  ├─ Canary绕过 → `stack-overflow.md` + `advanced-pwn.md`
│  │  └─ 堆叠溢出 → `advanced-pwn.md`
│  ├─ 格式化字符串
│  │  └─ `format-string.md`
│  ├─ 堆(UAF/double free/tcache)
│  │  ├─ 基础 tcache poisoning → `heap-exploitation.md`
│  │  ├─ House of X/Orange/Lore → `heap-exploitation.md` + `advanced-pwn.md`
│  │  └─ FSOP → `advanced-pwn.md`
│  ├─ 内核模块
│  │  ├─ 基础环境/提权 → `kernel-exploitation.md`
│  │  └─ 保护绕过 → `kernel-bypass.md`
│  └─ 自定义 VM / JIT / 类型混淆
│     └─ `advanced-pwn.md`
└─ 利用链
   ├─ 泄漏 → 计算libc基址 → one_gadget / system / FSOP
   ├─ ROP → ret2libc / SROP / ret2dlresolve / seccomp绕过
   └─ 堆 → House of X / tcache poisoning → __free_hook / TLS dtors

保护机制速查

保护状态影响绕过方法
PIE关闭GOT/PLT/函数地址固定直接覆写
PIE开启地址随机化泄漏 → 计算基址
RELROPartialGOT 可写GOT覆写
RELROFullGOT 只读hooks/vtable/.fini_array/FSOP
NX开启栈不可执行ROP
NX关闭栈可执行shellcode
Canary有溢出被检测泄漏/字节溢出/BRK

常见危险函数

gets() / scanf("%s") / strcpy()  → 栈溢出
printf(user_input)               → 格式化字符串
free() 后继续使用               → UAF
read(fd, buf, size)              → 堆溢出 / 栈溢出

pwntools 模板

from pwn import *
context.binary = elf = ELF('./binary')
libc = ELF('./libc.so.6')
p = remote('host', port)  # or process('./binary')
# 泄漏 → 计算基址 → 覆写 → getshell

竞争条件利用

bash -c '{ echo "cmd1"; echo "cmd2"; sleep 1; } | nc host port'

注意事项

  • 先泄漏再攻击：几乎所有 exploit 都依赖信息泄漏，优先找泄漏点
  • one_gadget 约束检查：找到 gadget 后用 one_gadget libc.so.6 列出所有，再筛选满足约束的
  • seccomp-tools dump：必先检查 seccomp 规则，再决定绕过方案
  • pwntools corefile：崩溃后自动生成 core 文件，用 cyclic_find() 精确定位溢出偏移