cis-aws-foundations-4.9

Ensure that object-level logging for read events is enabled for S3 buckets

Description

S3 object-level API operations, such as GetObject, DeleteObject, and PutObject, are referred to as data events. By default, CloudTrail trails do not log data events, so it is recommended to enable object-level logging for S3 buckets.

Rationale

Enabling object-level logging will help you meet data compliance requirements within your organization, perform comprehensive security analyses, monitor specific patterns of user behavior in your AWS account, or take immediate actions on any object-level API activity within your S3 buckets using Amazon CloudWatch Events.

Impact

Enabling logging for these object-level events may significantly increase the number of events logged and may incur additional costs.

Audit Procedure

Using AWS Console

1. Login to the AWS Management Console and navigate to the CloudTrail dashboard at https://console.aws.amazon.com/cloudtrail/.
2. In the left panel, click Trails, and then click the name of the trail that you want to examine.
3. Review General details.
4. Confirm that Multi-region trail is set to Yes.
5. Scroll down to Data events.
6. Scroll down to Data events and confirm the configuration:

• If advanced event selectors is being used, it should read:

Data Events: S3
Log selector template
Log all events

• If basic event selectors is being used, it should read:

Data events: S3
Bucket Name: All current and future S3 buckets
Read: Enabled

6. Repeat steps 2-5 to verify that each trail has multi-region enabled and is configured to log data events. If a trail does not have multi-region enabled and data event logging configured, refer to the remediation steps.

Using AWS CLI

1. Run the describe-trails command to list all trail names:

aws cloudtrail describe-trails --region <region-name> --output table --query trailList[*].Name

2. The command output will be table of the trail names.

3. For each trail, run the get-trail command to verify it is a multi-regional trail:

aws cloudtrail get-trail --region <region-name> --name <trail-name> \
  --query 'Trail.IsMultiRegionTrail'

4. Run the get-event-selectors command using the name of a trail returned at the previous step and custom query filters to determine if data event logging is configured:

aws cloudtrail get-event-selectors --region <region-name> --trail-name <trail-name> --query EventSelectors[*].DataResources[]

5. The command output should be an array that includes the S3 bucket defined for data event logging.
6. If the get-event-selectors command returns an empty array, data events are not included in the trail's logging configuration; therefore, object-level API operations performed on S3 buckets within your AWS account are not being recorded.
7. Repeat steps 1-5 to verify the configuration of each trail.
8. Change the AWS region by updating the --region command parameter, and perform the audit process for other regions.

Expected Result

At least one multi-region trail has S3 object-level read event logging enabled for all buckets.

Remediation

Using AWS Console

1. Login to the AWS Management Console and navigate to S3 dashboard at https://console.aws.amazon.com/s3/.
2. In the left navigation panel, click buckets and then click the name of the S3 bucket that you want to examine.
3. Click the Properties tab to see the bucket configuration in detail.
4. In the AWS Cloud Trail data events section, select the trail name for recording activity. You can choose an existing trail or create a new one by clicking the Configure in CloudTrail button or navigating to the CloudTrail console.
5. Once the trail is selected, select the Data Events check box.
6. Select S3 from the Data event type drop-down.
7. Select Log all events from the Log selector template drop-down.
8. Repeat steps 2-7 to enable object-level logging of read events for other S3 buckets.

Using AWS CLI

1. To enable object-level data events logging for S3 buckets within your AWS account, run the put-event-selectors command using the name of the trail that you want to reconfigure as identifier:

aws cloudtrail put-event-selectors --region <region-name> --trail-name <trail-name> --event-selectors '[{ "ReadWriteType": "ReadOnly", "IncludeManagementEvents":true, "DataResources": [{ "Type": "AWS::S3::Object", "Values": ["arn:aws:s3:::<s3-bucket-name>/"] }] }]'

2. The command output will be object-level event trail configuration.
3. If you want to enable it for all buckets at once, change the Values parameter to ["arn:aws:s3"] in the previous command.
4. Repeat step 1 for each s3 bucket to update object-level logging of read events.
5. Change the AWS region by updating the --region command parameter, and perform the process for the other regions.

Default Value

By default, CloudTrail does not log S3 object-level (data) events; only management events are logged unless explicitly enabled.

References

1. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/enable-cloudtrail-events.html

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