api-authz

DevOps & Security

Kibana API route authorization patterns. Use when configuring route security, working with requiredPrivileges, using authzResult for privilege-based branching, opting out of authorization, or naming custom privileges.

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API Authorization

All API routes in Kibana must have authorization checks. Authorization is not optional, even for internal routes.

Route Security Configuration

Routes declare authorization via the security option in KibanaRouteOptions:

router.get({
  path: '/api/path',
  security: {
    authz: {
      requiredPrivileges: ['<privilege_1>', '<privilege_2>'],
    },
  },
  ...
}, handler);

Privilege Naming

Privilege names follow the <operation>_<subject> convention using underscores only.

Incorrect	Why	Correct
`read-entity-a`	Uses `-` instead of `_`	`read_entity_a`
`delete_entity-a`	Mixes `_` and `-`	`delete_entity_a`
`entity_manage`	Subject before operation	`manage_entity`

Privilege-Based Branching with `authzResult`

When a route handler branches logic based on user privileges (returns different data, enables different features), it must use request.authzResult. Do not use capabilities.resolveCapabilities() or other authorization checks for branching — authzResult is the single source of truth.

Look for: routes with anyRequired (OR logic), handlers that conditionally expose data based on permissions, or functions that check capabilities and return booleans for branching.

Correct — use authzResult:

router.get({
  path: '/api/path',
  security: {
    authz: {
      requiredPrivileges: ['privilege_3', { anyRequired: ['privilege_1', 'privilege_2'] }],
    },
  },
  ...
}, (context, request, response) => {
  const authzResult = request.authzResult;
  // { "privilege_3": true, "privilege_1": true, "privilege_2": false }

  if (authzResult.privilege_1) {
    return response.ok({ body: ... });
  } else if (authzResult.privilege_2) {
    return response.ok({ body: ... });
  }

  return response.ok({ body: { data: ... } });
});

Wrong — using capabilities for authorization branching:

const canReadDecryptedParams = async (routeContext: RouteContext) => {
  const { request, server } = routeContext;
  const capabilities = await server.coreStart.capabilities.resolveCapabilities(request, {
    capabilityPath: 'my_capability.*',
  });
  return capabilities.my_capability?.canReadParams ?? false;
};

if (await canReadDecryptedParams(routeContext)) {
  return getDecryptedParams(routeContext, paramId);
} else {
  return getBasicParams(routeContext, paramId);
}

Fix: declare both privileges in the route config with anyRequired and branch on request.authzResult:

router.get({
  path: '/api/params',
  security: {
    authz: {
      requiredPrivileges: [{ anyRequired: ['read_params_decrypted', 'read_params'] }],
    },
  },
}, (context, request, response) => {
  if (request.authzResult.read_params_decrypted) {
    return getDecryptedParams(routeContext, paramId);
  } else {
    return getBasicParams(routeContext, paramId);
  }
});

Opting Out of Authorization

When a route must opt out, use the predefined AuthzOptOutReason enum or AuthzDisabled helpers from @kbn/core-security-server:

import { AuthzDisabled, AuthzOptOutReason } from '@kbn/core-security-server';

// Predefined helper
router.get({
  path: '/api/path',
  security: { authz: AuthzDisabled.delegateToSOClient },
  ...
}, handler);

// Predefined enum
router.get({
  path: '/api/path',
  security: {
    authz: { enabled: false, reason: AuthzOptOutReason.DelegateToSOClient },
  },
  ...
}, handler);

// Custom reason — only when no predefined reason applies
router.get({
  path: '/api/health',
  security: {
    authz: {
      enabled: false,
      reason: 'This route is a health check endpoint that returns no sensitive information',
    },
  },
  ...
}, handler);

Invalid opt-out reasons — flag these:

"Opt out from authorization" — too generic, no context
"This route does not need authorization" — no explanation why
"Authorization not required" — no context provided
"Authorization is delegated to SO Client" — use AuthzOptOutReason.DelegateToSOClient instead