realtime-streaming

Real-Time Blockchain Streaming

NuGet: Nethereum.RPC.Reactive, Nethereum.JsonRpc.WebSocketStreamingClient

Two approaches: WebSocket (sub-second latency) or HTTP polling (works everywhere).

Connect

using Nethereum.JsonRpc.WebSocketStreamingClient;
using Nethereum.RPC.Reactive.Eth.Subscriptions;

var client = new StreamingWebSocketClient("wss://mainnet.infura.io/ws/v3/YOUR_KEY");
await client.StartAsync();

All subscriptions share the single connection.

New Block Headers

Fires every time a new block is mined (~12s on mainnet). Headers include number, timestamp, gas — but not full transactions.

var subscription = new EthNewBlockHeadersObservableSubscription(client);

subscription.GetSubscriptionDataResponsesAsObservable()
    .Subscribe(block =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine(
quot;Block {block.Number} — {block.Timestamp}");
        Console.WriteLine(
quot;  Gas used: {block.GasUsed}");
    });

await subscription.SubscribeAsync();

Pending Transactions

Returns tx hashes only (not full objects). Very high volume on mainnet.

var subscription = new EthNewPendingTransactionObservableSubscription(client);

subscription.GetSubscriptionDataResponsesAsObservable()
    .Subscribe(txHash =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine(
quot;Pending tx: {txHash}");
    });

await subscription.SubscribeAsync();

ERC-20 Transfer Event Streaming

Use typed event DTOs for automatic filter creation and decoding:

using Nethereum.Contracts;
using Nethereum.Contracts.Standards.ERC20.ContractDefinition;

var filterTransfers = Event<TransferEventDTO>.GetEventABI()
    .CreateFilterInput("0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F");

var subscription = new EthLogsObservableSubscription(client);

subscription.GetSubscriptionDataResponsesAsObservable()
    .Subscribe(log =>
    {
        var decoded = Event<TransferEventDTO>.DecodeEvent(log);
        if (decoded != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(
quot;Transfer: {decoded.Event.From} → {decoded.Event.To}");
            Console.WriteLine(
quot;  Value: {Web3.Convert.FromWei(decoded.Event.Value)}");
        }
    });

await subscription.SubscribeAsync(filterTransfers);

DecodeEvent returns null for non-matching logs — safe on multi-event streams.

DEX Trade Monitoring (Uniswap Swaps)

[Event("Swap")]
public class SwapEventDTO : IEventDTO
{
    [Parameter("address", "sender", 1, true)] public string Sender { get; set; }
    [Parameter("uint256", "amount0In", 2)]    public BigInteger Amount0In { get; set; }
    [Parameter("uint256", "amount1In", 3)]    public BigInteger Amount1In { get; set; }
    [Parameter("uint256", "amount0Out", 4)]   public BigInteger Amount0Out { get; set; }
    [Parameter("uint256", "amount1Out", 5)]   public BigInteger Amount1Out { get; set; }
    [Parameter("address", "to", 6, true)]     public string To { get; set; }
}

var pairAddress = "0xa478c2975ab1ea89e8196811f51a7b7ade33eb11"; // DAI-ETH
var filter = Event<SwapEventDTO>.GetEventABI().CreateFilterInput(pairAddress);

var subscription = new EthLogsObservableSubscription(client);
subscription.GetSubscriptionDataResponsesAsObservable()
    .Subscribe(log =>
    {
        var swap = log.DecodeEvent<SwapEventDTO>();
        if (swap != null)
        {
            var amount0Out = UnitConversion.Convert.FromWei(swap.Event.Amount0Out);
            var amount1In  = UnitConversion.Convert.FromWei(swap.Event.Amount1In);

            if (swap.Event.Amount0In == 0 && swap.Event.Amount1Out == 0 && amount1In > 0)
            {
                var price = amount0Out / amount1In;
                Console.WriteLine(
quot;Sell ETH — Price: {price:F4} DAI/ETH");
            }
        }
    });

await subscription.SubscribeAsync(filter);

Pending Transaction Enrichment

Fetch full transaction details from pending hashes:

using Nethereum.RPC.Reactive.Eth.Transactions;

var pendingSub = new EthNewPendingTransactionObservableSubscription(client);

pendingSub.GetSubscriptionDataResponsesAsObservable()
    .Subscribe(txHash =>
    {
        var txByHash = new EthGetTransactionByHashObservableHandler(client);
        txByHash.GetResponseAsObservable().Subscribe(tx =>
        {
            if (tx != null)
                Console.WriteLine(
quot;Pending: {tx.From} → {tx.To} ({Web3.Convert.FromWei(tx.Value)} ETH)");
        });
        txByHash.SendRequestAsync(txHash).Wait();
    });

await pendingSub.SubscribeAsync();

Event Logs (Generic)

using Nethereum.RPC.Eth.DTOs;

var filter = new NewFilterInput
{
    Address = new[] { "0xContractAddress..." },
    Topics = new[] { /* event signature hash */ }
};

var subscription = new EthLogsObservableSubscription(client);

subscription.GetSubscriptionDataResponsesAsObservable()
    .Subscribe(log =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine(
quot;Log from {log.Address} in block {log.BlockNumber}");
    });

await subscription.SubscribeAsync(filter);

Connection Management

Error Handling and Reconnection

client.Error += async (sender, ex) =>
{
    Console.WriteLine(
quot;WebSocket error: {ex.Message}");
    await ((StreamingWebSocketClient)sender).StopAsync();
    await ReconnectAndSubscribeAsync();
};

Keep-Alive Pinging

Most providers close idle connections after 1-2 minutes:

_ = Task.Run(async () =>
{
    while (true)
    {
        var handler = new EthBlockNumberObservableHandler(client);
        handler.GetResponseAsObservable()
            .Subscribe(x => Console.WriteLine(
quot;Keepalive — block {x.Value}"));
        await handler.SendRequestAsync();
        await Task.Delay(30000);
    }
});

Rx Operators

using System.Reactive.Linq;

subscription.GetSubscriptionDataResponsesAsObservable()
    .Where(block => block.GasUsed > 15_000_000)
    .Select(block => new { block.Number, block.GasUsed })
    .Subscribe(b => Console.WriteLine(
quot;High-gas block: {b.Number}"));

Polling (HTTP Fallback)

using Nethereum.Web3;

var web3 = new Web3("https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/YOUR_KEY");

var blockStream = web3.Eth.Blocks
    .GetBlockWithTransactionsByNumber
    .CreateObservable(intervalMs: 2000);

blockStream.Subscribe(block =>
{
    Console.WriteLine(
quot;Block {block.Number} with {block.Transactions.Length} txs");
});

WebSocket vs Polling

• WebSocket: Sub-second latency, requires WSS endpoint, persistent connection, no missed events
• Polling (HTTP): Works everywhere, configurable interval, higher latency, possible gaps between polls