doc-comments

C# and C++/CLI Documentation Best Practices

• All public members in the entire solution should be documented with XML comments.
• It is encouraged to document internal members as well, especially if they are complex or not self-explanatory.

Guidance for all APIs

• Use <summary> to provide a brief, one sentence, description of what the type or member does. Start the summary with a present-tense, third-person verb.
• Use <remarks> for additional information, which can include implementation details, usage notes, or any other relevant context.
• Use <see langword> for language-specific keywords like null, true, false, int, bool, etc.
• Use <c> for inline code snippets.
• Use <example> for usage examples on how to use the member.
  • Use <code> for code blocks. <code> tags should be placed within an <example> tag. Add the language of the code example using the language attribute, for example, <code language="csharp">.
• Use <see cref> to reference other types or members inline (in a sentence).
• Use <seealso> for standalone (not in a sentence) references to other types or members in the "See also" section of the online docs.
• Use <inheritdoc/> to inherit documentation from base classes or interfaces.
  • Unless there is major behavior change, in which case you should document the differences.

Methods

• Use <param> to describe method parameters.
  • The description should be a noun phrase that doesn't specify the data type.
  • Begin with an introductory article.
  • If the parameter is a flag enum, start the description with "A bitwise combination of the enumeration values that specifies...".
  • If the parameter is a non-flag enum, start the description with "One of the enumeration values that specifies...".
  • If the parameter is a Boolean, the wording should be of the form "<see langword="true" /> to ...; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.".
  • If the parameter is an "out" parameter, the wording should be of the form "When this method returns, contains .... This parameter is treated as uninitialized.".
• Use <paramref> to reference parameter names in documentation.
• Use <typeparam> to describe type parameters in generic types or methods.
• Use <typeparamref> to reference type parameters in documentation.
• Use <returns> to describe what the method returns.
  • The description should be a noun phrase that doesn't specify the data type.
  • Begin with an introductory article.
  • If the return type is Boolean, the wording should be of the form "<see langword="true" /> if ...; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.".

Constructors

• The summary wording should be "Initializes a new instance of the class [or struct].".

Properties

• The <summary> should start with:
  • "Gets or sets..." for a read-write property.
  • "Gets..." for a read-only property.
  • "Gets [or sets] a value that indicates whether..." for properties that return a Boolean value.
• Use <value> to describe the value of the property.
  • The description should be a noun phrase that doesn't specify the data type.
  • If the property has a default value, add it in a separate sentence, for example, "The default is <see langword="false" />".
  • If the value type is Boolean, the wording should be of the form "<see langword="true" /> if ...; otherwise, <see langword="false" />. The default is ...".

Exceptions

• Use <exception cref> to document exceptions thrown by constructors, properties, indexers, methods, operators, and events.
• Document all exceptions thrown directly by the member.
• For exceptions thrown by nested members, document only the exceptions users are most likely to encounter.
• The description of the exception describes the condition under which it's thrown.
  • Omit "Thrown if ..." or "If ..." at the beginning of the sentence. Just state the condition directly, for example "An error occurred when accessing a Message Queuing API."

C++/CLI Specific Guidelines

C++/CLI uses the same XML documentation syntax as C#, with minor differences:

• Use triple-slash (///) comments before declarations.
• In C++/CLI, XML doc comments must appear immediately before the declaration (no blank lines between the comment and the code).
• Use <summary>, <param>, <returns>, <remarks>, <exception>, and other tags exactly as in C#.
• For managed types (ref class, value class), document the same way as C# classes and structs.
• For native types exposed to managed code, ensure XML comments are added to the managed wrappers.
• Use <see cref="ClassName::MemberName" /> syntax for cross-references in C++/CLI (note the :: scope resolution operator).
• When documenting interop code, include <remarks> explaining any native/managed boundary considerations.