data-modeling

Development

Dimensional modeling, normalization, and schema design for analytics.

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Data Modeling

Dimensional Modeling

Star Schema

        ┌─────────────┐
        │ dim_date    │
        └──────┬──────┘
               │
┌──────────┐   │   ┌──────────────┐
│dim_store │───┼───│  fct_sales   │
└──────────┘   │   └──────────────┘
               │
        ┌──────┴──────┐
        │dim_product  │
        └─────────────┘

Fact Tables

CREATE TABLE fct_sales (
    sale_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
    date_key INT REFERENCES dim_date(date_key),
    store_key INT REFERENCES dim_store(store_key),
    product_key INT REFERENCES dim_product(product_key),
    quantity INT,
    unit_price DECIMAL(10,2),
    total_amount DECIMAL(10,2),
    _loaded_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

Dimension Tables

CREATE TABLE dim_product (
    product_key INT PRIMARY KEY,
    product_id VARCHAR(50),  -- Natural key
    name VARCHAR(255),
    category VARCHAR(100),
    subcategory VARCHAR(100),
    brand VARCHAR(100),
    -- SCD Type 2 fields
    valid_from DATE,
    valid_to DATE,
    is_current BOOLEAN
);

SCD Types

Type	Description	Use Case
Type 1	Overwrite	Corrections
Type 2	New row + versioning	Track history
Type 3	Previous value column	Limited history

Normalization

Form	Rule
1NF	Atomic values, no repeating groups
2NF	1NF + no partial dependencies
3NF	2NF + no transitive dependencies

Naming Conventions

dim_ prefix for dimensions
fct_ prefix for facts
stg_ prefix for staging
int_ prefix for intermediate
Snake_case for columns