console-app-di

Development

Console Application에서 GenericHost와 DI를 사용한 의존성 주입 패턴

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Console Application DI 패턴

.NET Console Application에서 GenericHost를 사용한 의존성 주입 구현 가이드입니다.

1. 필수 NuGet 패키지

<ItemGroup>
  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting" Version="9.0.*" />
</ItemGroup>

2. 기본 구현

2.1 Program.cs

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
    .ConfigureServices((context, services) =>
    {
        services.AddSingleton<IMyService, MyService>();
        services.AddSingleton<App>();
    })
    .Build();

var app = host.Services.GetRequiredService<App>();
await app.RunAsync();

2.2 App.cs

namespace MyApp;

public sealed class App(IMyService myService)
{
    private readonly IMyService _myService = myService;

    public async Task RunAsync()
    {
        await _myService.DoWorkAsync();
    }
}

3. Service Lifetime

Lifetime	설명	사용 시점
`Singleton`	앱 전체 단일 인스턴스	상태 없는 서비스
`Scoped`	요청당 단일 인스턴스	DbContext
`Transient`	주입마다 새 인스턴스	경량 서비스

4. Configuration 통합

var host = Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
    .ConfigureAppConfiguration((context, config) =>
    {
        config.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true);
    })
    .ConfigureServices((context, services) =>
    {
        services.Configure<AppSettings>(
            context.Configuration.GetSection("AppSettings"));
        services.AddSingleton<App>();
    })
    .Build();

5. Logging 통합

public sealed class App(ILogger<App> logger)
{
    public Task RunAsync()
    {
        logger.LogInformation("애플리케이션 시작");
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

6. 주의사항

⚠️ Service Locator 패턴 금지

// ❌ 나쁜 예
public sealed class BadService(IServiceProvider provider)
{
    public void DoWork()
    {
        var service = provider.GetRequiredService<IMyService>();
    }
}

// ✅ 좋은 예
public sealed class GoodService(IMyService myService)
{
    public void DoWork() { }
}

⚠️ Captive Dependency

Singleton이 Scoped/Transient를 주입받으면 안 됨

7. 참고 문서

.NET Generic Host