api-versioning-patterns

Development

API versioning strategies, breaking change detection, deprecation lifecycle, and migration guides

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API Versioning Patterns

Versioning Strategies

Strateji	Örnek	Pros	Cons
URL Path	`/v1/users`	Açık, cache-friendly	URL kirliliği
Header	`Accept: application/vnd.api+json;v=2`	Clean URL	Debug zor
Query Param	`/users?version=2`	Basit	Cache sorunlu
Content Negotiation	`Accept: application/vnd.company.v2+json`	RESTful	Karmaşık

Öneri: URL Path (/v1/) — en yaygın, en anlaşılır.

Breaking Change Detection

// Breaking changes
const breakingChanges = [
  'Required field ekleme',
  'Field silme veya rename',
  'Type değiştirme (string → number)',
  'Enum value silme',
  'Response structure değiştirme',
  'Error code değiştirme',
  'Auth requirement ekleme'
]

// Non-breaking changes
const nonBreaking = [
  'Optional field ekleme',
  'Yeni endpoint ekleme',
  'Enum value ekleme',
  'Response'a optional field ekleme',
  'Performance improvement'
]

Deprecation Lifecycle

Phase 1: ANNOUNCE (3 ay önce)
  → Deprecation header: Sunset: Sat, 01 Jan 2027 00:00:00 GMT
  → API docs'ta uyarı
  → Consumer'lara email

Phase 2: WARN (2 ay önce)
  → Response header: Deprecation: true
  → Log: deprecated endpoint kullanımı
  → Dashboard: kullanım metrikleri

Phase 3: THROTTLE (1 ay önce)
  → Rate limit düşür
  → Warning response body'ye ekle

Phase 4: SUNSET
  → 410 Gone döndür
  → Migration guide link'i ile

Migration Guide Template

# Migration: v1 → v2

## Breaking Changes
1. `GET /v1/users` → `GET /v2/users`
   - Response: `{ data: User[] }` → `{ items: User[], meta: {...} }`
2. `POST /v1/orders`
   - New required field: `currency` (ISO 4217)

## Step-by-Step
1. Update client SDK to v2
2. Add `currency` field to order creation
3. Update response parsing for `items` + `meta`
4. Test against v2 staging
5. Switch production to v2

## Compatibility Period
v1 available until: 2027-06-01

Checklist

Versioning stratejisi seçilmiş
Breaking change policy documented
Deprecation lifecycle tanımlı
Sunset header ekleniyor
Migration guide var
Version usage metrikleri tracked
Consumer notification sistemi var
Minimum 6 ay backward compatibility

Anti-Patterns

Version'sız API (her değişiklik breaking)
Eski version'u ani kapatma (sunset lifecycle uygula)
Breaking change without version bump
Her küçük değişiklikte yeni version
Consumer'lara haber vermeden deprecate