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build-color-palette

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Create comprehensive palette with 8-10 greys, 5-10 primary, 5-10 accent shades

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Skill: Build Color Palette

Purpose

Create a comprehensive, systematic color palette with sufficient shades to build realistic interfaces (8-10 greys, 5-10 primary shades, 5-10 accent shades).

Type

Generative + Evaluative

Input

  • Brand color(s) or design mood/intent
  • UI complexity (simple landing page vs. complex dashboard)
  • Required semantic meanings (success, error, warning, info)
  • Need for categorical colors (charts, calendars, tags)

Output

  • Color palette specification with multiple shades per color
  • Role assignment for each shade
  • Usage guidelines
  • Pass/Fail assessment of existing palette

Transformation Performed

Maps functional needs to a comprehensive palette organized into three categories (greys, primary, accents), each with 5-10 distinct shades.

Decision Criteria

PASS (Good Color Palette)

  • Greys: 8-10 shades - For text, backgrounds, panels, form controls (majority of UI)
  • Primary: 5-10 shades - One or two core colors for primary actions, active navigation
  • Accent: 5-10 shades each - For semantic states (red, yellow, green), new features, categorization
  • Systematic shades: Each color has light to dark variants defined upfront
  • Clear hierarchy: Primary color defines overall look; accents used sparingly
  • Sufficient contrast: All text meets WCAG AA (4.5:1 for normal, 3:1 for large)
  • Not using opacity: Explicit hex values for all shades

FAIL (Poor Color Palette)

  • Too few greys (3-4 shades leading to compromises)
  • Missing shades of primary color (can't create hover states, subtle backgrounds)
  • Not enough accent colors for semantic states and categorization
  • Using opacity (rgba) instead of defined shades (inconsistency)
  • Missing systematic shade progression (arbitrary light/dark variants)
  • Insufficient contrast for accessibility

The Palette Structure

Greys (8-10 shades)

The majority of your UI is grey. You need more than you think.

White / Near-white: #FFFFFF, #F9FAFB
Gray 100: #F3F4F6 - Subtle backgrounds
Gray 200: #E5E7EB - Borders, dividers
Gray 300: #D1D5DB - Disabled states
Gray 400: #9CA3AF - Placeholder text
Gray 500: #6B7280 - Secondary text
Gray 600: #4B5563 - Body text
Gray 700: #374151 - Strong text
Gray 800: #1F2937 - Headings
Gray 900: #111827 - Near-black text

Start with dark grey (not true black) and work up to white in steady increments.

Primary Colors (5-10 shades)

One or two colors that define the overall look of your site.

Primary 50: Ultra-light (alert backgrounds)
Primary 100: Very light (subtle backgrounds)
Primary 200-300: Light (hover states)
Primary 400-500: Base (buttons, links)
Primary 600-700: Dark (hover text, emphasis)
Primary 800-900: Very dark (text on light)

Accent Colors (5-10 shades each)

Used sparingly to grab attention or communicate meaning.

ColorUse Case
RedDestructive actions, errors, warnings
Yellow/AmberNew features, caution, highlights
GreenSuccess, positive trends, confirmation
Teal/Pink/PurpleFeature highlights, categorization, calendars

Each accent needs 5-10 shades just like primary colors.

Visual/UX Signals Used

  1. Shade progression: Steady increments from light to dark
  2. Grey dominance: Greys are the foundation; colors accent
  3. Semantic meaning: Red = danger, Green = success, Yellow = warning/feature
  4. Contrast ratios: Higher contrast = more importance or readability
  5. Sparingly used: Primary and accents used intentionally, not everywhere

Common Failure Modes

FailureDescriptionFix
5-Color GeneratorUsing only 5 hex codes for entire UIBuild comprehensive palette with 8-10 greys, 5-10 primary shades, 5-10 accent shades
Too Few Greys3-4 grey shades leading to compromisesExpand to 8-10 greys from near-white to near-black
Opacity for ShadesUsing rgba() to create lighter/darkerDefine explicit hex shades upfront for consistency
Missing Hover StatesNo lighter/darker variants for interactionsEach interactive color needs 5-10 shades
Missing Semantic ColorsOnly brand colors, no red/yellow/greenAdd accent colors for errors, warnings, success
Too Few Accent ShadesOnly one shade of red/green/yellowEach accent needs 5-10 shades for flexibility
True Black TextUsing #000000 (harsh)Start with #111827 or #1F2937

Prerequisites

  • Brand guidelines or base color
  • Understanding of UI states (errors, success, hover, etc.)
  • Knowledge of categorical needs (charts, tags, etc.)

Dependencies

  • establish-visual-hierarchy (colors support hierarchy)
  • manage-color-contrast (accessibility requirement)

Refactoring UI References

  • "You need more colors than you think"
  • "Define your shades up front"
  • "Greys are the majority of your UI"
  • "Don't use opacity to create lighter colors"
  • "Build a comprehensive palette, not 5 hex codes"

Shade Definition Method

For each color, define shades by adjusting lightness in HSL:

  • Ultra-light: 95-98% lightness (backgrounds)
  • Light: 80-90% lightness (hover backgrounds)
  • Base: 45-55% lightness (buttons, links)
  • Dark: 20-35% lightness (text, emphasis)
  • Very dark: 10-15% lightness (headings)

Example Assessment

Input: Palette with only: Brand Blue #0066FF, Light Blue #E6F2FF, White, Grey #999999, Black

Evaluation: FAIL

  • Only 2 blue shades (need 5-10)
  • Only 1 grey (need 8-10)
  • Missing semantic colors (red, yellow, green)
  • Missing accent shades

Recommendation: Build comprehensive palette:

Greys (10): #F9FAFB, #F3F4F6, #E5E7EB, #D1D5DB, #9CA3AF, #6B7280, #4B5563, #374151, #1F2937, #111827

Primary Blue (8): #EFF6FF, #DBEAFE, #BFDBFE, #93C5FD, #60A5FA, #3B82F6, #2563EB, #1D4ED8

Accents (7-8 each):

  • Red: #FEF2F2... #991B1B (for errors, destructive)
  • Yellow: #FFFBEB... #92400E (for warnings, new features)
  • Green: #F0FDF4... #166534 (for success, positive)

Total: 10 greys + 8 primary + 21 accents = 39 shades organized systematically