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apply-typography-scale

Design
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Create clear typographic hierarchy using hand-crafted font sizes, weights, and colors

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Skill: Apply Typography Scale

Purpose

Create clear typographic hierarchy using a hand-crafted set of font sizes, weights, and colors.

Core Rules

  1. Hand-crafted, not mathematical — Avoid modular scales with fractional pixels
  2. Use px or rem, never em — Prevents compounding issues
  3. Minimum 25% jumps — 16px → 20px (25%), not 16px → 18px (12.5%)
  4. Two weights only — 400/500 normal, 600/700 bold
  5. Never < 400 for UI — Too hard to read at small sizes

Recommended Scales

Marketing Page

Hero:     48-60px,  weight 700,  line-height 1.1
H1:       36-40px,  weight 700,  line-height 1.2
H2:       28-32px,  weight 600,  line-height 1.3
Body:     16-18px,  weight 400,  line-height 1.6
Small:    14px,     weight 400,  line-height 1.6
Caption:  12px,     weight 400,  line-height 1.5

Application/Dense UI

H1:     30-36px,  weight 700
H2:     24px,     weight 600
H3:     20px,     weight 600
H4:     16px,     weight 600
Body:   14-16px,  weight 400
Small:  12-13px,  weight 400

Line-Height Rules

Inverse proportion to size:

  • Small text (12-14px): 1.6-1.7 (needs help finding next line)
  • Body text (16px): 1.5-1.6
  • Large headlines (30px+): 1-1.2 (needs less help)

Line Length

  • Optimal: 45-75 characters per line
  • Max-width: 20-35em for paragraphs
  • Wide paragraphs: Increase line-height to 1.8-2.0

Decision Criteria

PASS

  • Scale uses a small set of intentional sizes with clear jumps between roles
  • Type hierarchy combines size, weight, line-height, and color
  • Body text remains readable across marketing, app, and content contexts
  • Line length and line-height fit the reading context

FAIL

  • Scale relies on tiny increments that do not create hierarchy
  • Font weights are too light for UI text
  • Long-form text lines are too wide or cramped
  • em sizing compounds unpredictably in nested elements

Common Failure Modes

FailureExampleFix
Em units1.25em parent, 0.875em child = 17.5pxUse px or rem
Micro-steps16px, 18px, 20px16px, 20px, 28px
Weight 300Light body textMinimum 400
Long lines100+ charactersConstrain to 35em
Uniform line-height1.5 for allVary by size

Examples

See examples/typography-scale/ for scale implementations.

References

  • references/hand-crafted-scales.md
  • references/avoid-em-units.md
  • references/line-height-proportion.md