home-assistant-best-practices
Apps & AutomationBest practices for HA automations, helpers, scripts, controls, and dashboards. TRIGGER THIS SKILL WHEN: - Creating or editing automations, scripts, scenes, or dashboards - Choosing between template sensors and built-in helpers - Restructuring triggers, conditions, or automation modes - Setting up Zigbee button/remote automations - Renaming entities or migrating device_id to entity_id - Configuring dashboard cards or selecting helpers - Looking up card types or domain docs - Writing or reviewing AppDaemon apps - Authoring or editing reusable Blueprints SYMPTOMS: - Agent uses Jinja2 templates where native options exist - Agent uses device_id instead of entity_id - Agent changes entity IDs without checking consumers - Wrong automation mode - Agent hard-codes values or uses raw sensor over helper - Agent edits .storage, writes YAML, or generates YAML snippets - Agent tells user to edit configuration.yaml for UI integrations - Agent hardcodes entities in a Blueprint or uses free-text input over a selector
QUICK START
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Home Assistant Best Practices
Core principle: Use native Home Assistant constructs wherever possible. Templates bypass validation, fail silently at runtime, and make debugging opaque.
Decision Workflow
Follow this sequence when creating any automation:
0. Gate: modifying existing config?
If your change affects entity IDs or cross-component references — renaming entities, replacing template sensors with helpers, converting device triggers, or restructuring automations — read references/safe-refactoring.md first. That reference covers impact analysis, device-sibling discovery, and post-change verification. Complete its workflow before proceeding.
Steps 1-5 below apply to new config or pattern evaluation.
1. Check for a purpose-specific, then generic native, trigger/condition
Since 2026.7 the default building blocks are purpose-specific triggers/conditions — <domain>.<name> keys (motion detected, battery low, door opened) with area/floor/label targets. Check for one that matches the intent first, then a generic native trigger/condition, and only then a template. See references/automation-patterns.md#purpose-specific-triggers--conditions-default-since-20267.
Common substitutions:
- List of individual sensor entities in a trigger → one purpose-specific trigger with an area/floor/label
target: {{ states('x') | float > 25 }}→numeric_statecondition withabove: 25{{ is_state('x', 'on') and is_state('y', 'on') }}→condition: andwith state conditions{{ now().hour >= 9 }}→condition: timewithafter: "09:00:00"wait_template: "{{ is_state(...) }}"→wait_for_triggerwith state trigger (caveat: different behavior when state is already true — seereferences/safe-refactoring.md#trigger-restructuring)
2. Check for built-in helper or Template Helper
Before creating a template sensor, check references/helper-selection.md.
Common substitutions:
- Sum/average multiple sensors →
min_maxintegration - Binary any-on/all-on logic →
grouphelper - Rate of change →
derivativeintegration - Cross threshold detection →
thresholdintegration - Consumption tracking →
utility_meterhelper
If no built-in helper fits, use a Template Helper — not YAML.
Create it via the HA config flow (MCP tool or API) or via the UI:
Settings → Devices & Services → Helpers → Create Helper → Template.
Only write template: YAML if explicitly requested or if neither path is available.
3. Select correct automation mode
Default single mode is often wrong. See references/automation-patterns.md#automation-modes.
| Scenario | Mode |
|---|---|
| Motion light with timeout | restart |
| Sequential processing (door locks) | queued |
| Independent per-entity actions | parallel |
| One-shot notifications | single |
4. Use entity_id over device_id
device_id breaks when devices are re-added. See references/device-control.md.
Exception: Zigbee2MQTT autodiscovered device triggers are acceptable.
5. For Zigbee buttons/remotes
- ZHA: Use
eventtrigger withdevice_ieee(persistent) - Z2M: Use
devicetrigger (autodiscovered) ormqtttrigger
See references/device-control.md#zigbee-buttonremote-patterns.
Critical Anti-Patterns
| Anti-pattern | Use instead | Why | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
condition: template with float > 25 | condition: numeric_state | Validated at load, not runtime | references/automation-patterns.md#native-conditions |
wait_template: "{{ is_state(...) }}" | wait_for_trigger with state trigger | Event-driven, not polling; waits for change (see references/safe-refactoring.md#trigger-restructuring for semantic differences) | references/automation-patterns.md#wait-actions |
device_id in triggers | entity_id (or device_ieee for ZHA) | device_id breaks on re-add | references/device-control.md#entity-id-vs-device-id |
mode: single for motion lights | mode: restart | Re-triggers must reset the timer | references/automation-patterns.md#automation-modes |
enabled: false as a top-level key in automations.yaml | automation.turn_off (temporary) or entity registry disable (permanent) | Not a valid top-level key — rejected during schema validation; automation loads as unavailable | references/automation-patterns.md#disabling-automations |
| Template sensor for sum/mean | min_max helper | Declarative, handles unavailable states | references/helper-selection.md#numeric-aggregation |
| Template binary sensor with threshold | threshold helper | Built-in hysteresis support | references/helper-selection.md#threshold |
| Renaming entity IDs without impact analysis | Follow references/safe-refactoring.md workflow | Renames break dashboards, scripts, scenes, Config-Entry data, and storage dashboards silently | references/safe-refactoring.md#entity-renames |
| Renaming members of Config-Entry-based groups (UI groups) without updating membership | Update group membership via Options Flow after the registry rename | The entity registry rename does not update options.entities in the Config Entry — group silently breaks | references/safe-refactoring.md#config-entry-groups |
| Renaming entities used by Config-Entry integrations (Better/Generic Thermostat, Min/Max, Threshold) without patching Config-Entry data | Scan and patch core.config_entries data+options fields | These integrations store entity_ids in Config Entry — not updated by entity registry renames | references/safe-refactoring.md#config-entry-data--blind-spots-for-entity-registry-renames |
template: sensor/binary sensor in YAML | Template Helper (UI or config flow API) | Requires file edit and config reload; harder to manage | references/template-guidelines.md |
Editing .storage/ files or other HA internal state directly | Use the HA REST/WebSocket API to manage state and config entries | .storage/ files are HA's internal state database; direct edits bypass validation, risk corruption, and can be silently overwritten by HA | — |
Writing raw YAML to configuration.yaml by hand for YAML-only integrations | Use managed YAML config editing with backup and validation | Unmanaged writes risk syntax errors, have no backup, and skip check_config — managed editing provides all three | references/yaml-only-integrations.md |
| Generating YAML snippets for automations/scripts/scenes | Use the HA config API to create automations/scripts programmatically | API calls validate config, avoid syntax errors, and don't require manual file edits or restarts | references/automation-patterns.md, references/examples.yaml |
Telling user to edit configuration.yaml for integrations | Direct user to Settings > Devices & Services in the HA UI | Most integrations are UI-configured; YAML integration config is rare and integration-specific | — |
| Referring to HA "add-ons" | Use the term "Apps" | HA renamed add-ons to Apps in 2026.2 — "Apps are standalone applications that run alongside Home Assistant" | — |
vacuum.send_command with vendor room IDs | vacuum.clean_area with HA area_id (if segments are mapped) | Uses native HA areas, works across integrations — but requires segment-to-area mapping in entity settings first | references/device-control.md#vacuum-control |
Using color_temp (mireds) in light service calls | Use color_temp_kelvin | The color_temp parameter was removed in 2026.3; only Kelvin is supported | references/device-control.md#lights |
Person/Device Tracker entered_home/left_home device triggers or is_home/is_not_home conditions | state trigger to: home / to: not_home, or state condition | These were removed in 2026.5 — state triggers and conditions are the correct replacements | references/automation-patterns.md#presence-and-person-triggers-and-conditions-removed-in-20265 |
| Entity list in a trigger where an area/floor/label target fits | Purpose-specific trigger with target: {area_id: ...} | Automation follows area membership as devices change — no stale entity lists | references/automation-patterns.md#purpose-specific-triggers--conditions-default-since-20267 |
Old purpose-specific keys (battery.low, vacuum.docked, timer.time_remaining, ...) or trigger behavior: any/last | Renamed 2026.7 keys (battery.became_low, ...) and behavior: each/all | Old keys no longer load; old behavior values raise a repair issue and face removal | references/automation-patterns.md#purpose-specific-triggers--conditions-default-since-20267 |
Registering callbacks or calling self.turn_on()/self.get_state() in __init__() | Register everything in initialize() | Plugin connection not established during __init__ — calls fail silently | references/appdaemon.md#app-structure-and-lifecycle |
Calling run_in on repeated triggers without cancelling the previous handle | cancel_timer(self._off_handle) before each new run_in | Every trigger stacks an independent timer — devices toggle unpredictably | references/appdaemon.md#scheduling-and-timers |
| Storing persistent state in instance variables | Use HA input_number, input_boolean, or input_text helpers | Instance variables reset on app reload or daemon restart | references/appdaemon.md#state-management-and-inter-app-communication |
| Hardcoding entity IDs inside the class body | Pass entity IDs via self.args in apps.yaml | Hardcoded IDs prevent reuse and require code edits per installation | references/appdaemon.md#appsyaml-configuration |
| Hardcoding entity IDs in a Blueprint body | Expose them as !input with a selector | Hardcoding defeats a blueprint's purpose — it can't be reused | references/blueprint-guide.md#inputs-and-selectors |
| Free-text input for an entity/device in a Blueprint | Typed entity/target/device selector | Text lets typos through and fails silently; selectors validate the choice | references/blueprint-guide.md#inputs-and-selectors |
!input used directly inside a template | Bind it to a variables: entry, use the variable | !input is a YAML tag, not a template value — the template errors or ignores it | references/blueprint-guide.md#referencing-inputs-input-and-templating |
Publishing a Blueprint without source_url | Set source_url to the file's canonical URL | Without it users can't re-import updates and sharing is awkward | references/blueprint-guide.md#blueprint-metadata |
Reference Files
Read these when you need detailed information:
| File | When to read | Key sections |
|---|---|---|
references/safe-refactoring.md | Renaming entities, replacing helpers, restructuring automations, or any modification to existing config | #universal-workflow, #entity-renames, #helper-replacements, #trigger-restructuring, #config-entry-data--blind-spots-for-entity-registry-renames, #storage-mode-dashboards-storagelovelace |
references/automation-patterns.md | Writing triggers, conditions, waits, variables, or choosing automation modes; capturing action responses; documenting/annotating steps; disabling automations | #purpose-specific-triggers--conditions-default-since-20267, #native-conditions, #trigger-types, #wait-actions, #automation-modes, #continue-on-error, #stopping-a-sequence, #variables, #capturing-action-responses, #repeat-actions, #ifthen-vs-choose, #parallel-actions, #trigger-ids, #documenting-automations--scripts, #disabling-automations |
references/helper-selection.md | Deciding whether to use a built-in helper vs template sensor | #how-helpers-are-created, #menu-based-helpers, #numeric-aggregation, #rate-and-change, #time-based-tracking, #counting-and-timing, #scheduling, #entity-grouping, #probabilistic-inference, #data-smoothing, #random-values, #climate-control, #domain-conversion, #template-helpers, #decision-matrix |
references/template-guidelines.md | Confirming templates ARE appropriate for a use case | #when-templates-are-appropriate, #when-to-avoid-templates, #template-sensor-best-practices, #common-patterns, #error-handling |
references/yaml-only-integrations.md | Creating or editing YAML-only integrations that have no config flow (e.g. command_line, platform-based mqtt, rest) | #yaml-only-integration-types, #post-edit-actions |
references/device-control.md | Writing service calls, Zigbee button automations, or using target: | #entity-id-vs-device-id, #service-calls-best-practices, #zigbee-buttonremote-patterns, #domain-specific-patterns |
references/scenes.md | Authoring or activating scenes; snapshot/restore patterns; snapshot-vs-script distinction | #scene-config-shape, #activating-a-scene, #snapshot--restore-scenecreate, #apply-states-without-storing-sceneapply |
references/dashboard-guide.md | Designing or modifying Lovelace dashboards — layout, view types, strategies, sections, cards, badges, CSS styling, HACS | #dashboard-structure, #view-types, #dashboard-strategies, #built-in-cards, #features, #badges, #custom-cards, #css-styling, #common-pitfalls |
references/dashboard-cards.md | Looking up available card types or fetching card-specific documentation | — |
references/domain-docs.md | Looking up integration/domain documentation, or the dedicated doc page for a specific trigger, condition, or action | #fetching-trigger-condition-and-action-docs |
references/examples.yaml | Need compound examples combining multiple best practices | — |
references/appdaemon.md | AppDaemon apps: when to use vs. native HA, app structure, service calls, scheduling, error handling, safe refactoring impact | — |
references/blueprint-guide.md | Authoring reusable blueprints: metadata & source_url, inputs & selectors, target vs entity, defaults, input sections, !input templating, versioning | #when-to-author-a-blueprint, #blueprint-metadata, #inputs-and-selectors, #target-selector-vs-entity-selector, #defaults, #input-sections, #referencing-inputs-input-and-templating, #versioning-and-updates, #common-pitfalls |