gh

Reference

Interactivity policy

gh already does the right thing in non-TTY contexts: it skips the pager, strips ANSI color, and errors out fast with a helpful message instead of prompting (e.g. must provide --title and --body when not running interactively). You don't need to defensively set GH_PAGER or pass --no-pager (no such flag exists).

Parsing JSON

Human output from gh is column-formatted. If you want structured data:

• Add --json field1,field2,... for structured output.
• Run a command with --json and no field list to print the full set of available fields, then pick what you need.
• Use --jq '<expr>' for filtering without piping through a separate jq.
• Use --template '<go-template>' (alongside --json) when you want shaped text output. Note that --template/-T collides with a body-template flag on a few commands (e.g. gh pr create -T, gh issue create -T); always check --help before assuming which one you're hitting.

Pagination and silent truncation

List commands cap results.

• gh issue list, gh pr list, gh search ...: pass -L N (--limit N). The default is usually 30.
• gh issue list / gh pr list do not expose aggregate totals like totalCount via --json. If you need a true total, use gh api graphql to query totalCount; otherwise, treat -L as the cap for the current call.
• For raw API calls use gh api --paginate <path>. Combine with --jq and (optionally) --slurp to assemble one array.

Repo targeting

gh infers the repo from the cwd's git remotes.

Pass --repo OWNER/REPO (-R) to override the resolved CWD repo.

Search vs list

• gh search issues|prs|code|repos|commits|users uses GitHub's search index and accepts the full search syntax (is:open, author:, label:, repo:owner/name, in:title, ...). Pass each qualifier as its own bare token, not as one quoted string: gh search issues repo:cli/cli is:open author:monalisa works, but gh search issues "repo:cli/cli is:open" is treated as a single keyword (parsed as repo:"cli/cli is:open") and fails with Invalid search query. Quote only multi-word free text (gh search issues "broken feature"). Most qualifiers also have a dedicated flag (--repo, --author, --label, ...). Prefer search for anything cross-repo or filtered by author/label.
• gh issue list --search "..." and gh pr list --search "..." take the query as one quoted string (it is a flag value) and are scoped to one repo.
• Bots author as GitHub Apps, so --author dependabot matches nothing. Use --app dependabot (on pr/issue list and search prs|issues; expands to author:app/<slug>) or --author "dependabot[bot]".

Issue types, sub-issues, and relationships

Newer gh issue subcommands model issue types, sub-issue hierarchy, and blocked-by/blocking relationships.

• gh issue create: --type <name>, --parent <number|url> (creates the new issue as a sub-issue), --blocked-by <number|url,...>, --blocking <number|url,...>.
• gh issue edit (edits one or more issues in the same repo, e.g. gh issue edit 23 34): --type <name> / --remove-type, --parent <n|url> / --remove-parent, --add-sub-issue <n,n> / --remove-sub-issue <n,n>, --add-blocked-by <n,n> / --remove-blocked-by <n,n>, --add-blocking <n,n> / --remove-blocking <n,n>. Relationship and parent refs are issue numbers or URLs; a URL may point to another repo on the same host, but a different host is rejected. --add-sub-issue cannot be used when editing more than one issue.
• gh issue list --type <name> filters by issue type.
• gh issue view and gh issue list accept these as --json fields (prefer them over scraping the default text output): issueType, parent, subIssues, subIssuesSummary, blockedBy, blocking. subIssues, blockedBy, and blocking are objects shaped {"nodes": [...], "totalCount": N} (not flat arrays), and nodes is capped (subIssues at 100, blockedBy/blocking at 50), so compare the node count against totalCount to detect truncation.
• GHES: issue types and sub-issues need 3.17+; blocked-by/blocking relationships need 3.19+.

Discussions (gh discussion)

Preview command set, subject to change. Subcommands:

• gh discussion list [--state open|closed|all] [--category <name>] [--author <handle>] [--label <name>,...] [--answered] [--search <query>] [--sort created|updated] [--order asc|desc] [--limit N] [--after <cursor>] [--json <fields>] [--web] lists a repo's discussions. --state defaults to open, --sort to updated, --order to desc. --answered is tri-state (--answered=false for unanswered) for Q&A categories.
• gh discussion view {<number>|<url>|<comment-id>|<comment-url>} [--comments] [--order oldest|newest] [--limit N] [--after <cursor>] [--json <fields>] [--web] shows a discussion's body; add --comments for its comments, or pass a comment ID/URL as the argument to list that comment's replies (no --replies flag; --comments is rejected with a comment argument). --order (default newest), --limit, and --after apply only to comment and reply listings.
• gh discussion create [--title <t>] [--body <b> | --body-file <path>] [--category <name>] [--label <name>,...] creates a discussion. --title, a body (--body or --body-file), and --category are required non-interactively; omitting any will prompt on a terminal.
• gh discussion edit {<number>|<url>} [--title <t>] [--body <b>] [--body-file <path>] [--category <name>] [--add-label <name>,...] [--remove-label <name>,...] edits title, body, category, or labels.
• gh discussion comment {<number>|<discussion-url>|<comment-id>|<comment-url>} [--body <b>] [--body-file <path>] [--edit] [--delete] [--yes] adds a top-level comment (when given a discussion) or a reply (when given a comment); --edit or --delete updates or removes a comment/reply and needs a comment ID or URL. --yes skips the --delete confirmation.
• --json/--jq/--template are available on list and view only; create and edit print the discussion URL. comment prints the discussion comment (or reply) URL.

Reading files and directories (gh repo read-file / read-dir)

Preview commands, subject to change. They read a repo's contents over the API without cloning, and honor --repo OWNER/REPO (-R) and --ref <branch|tag|commit> (default branch when omitted).

• gh repo read-file <path> [--ref <ref>] [--output <path> [--clobber]] [--allow-escape-sequences] [--json <fields>] [--jq <expr>] prints a file's contents. In non-TTY contexts the raw bytes go straight to stdout (pipe-friendly); binary files are written as-is when piped but are refused on a TTY. By default, a file containing terminal escape sequences is refused; pass --allow-escape-sequences to read it anyway. --output <path> (-o) writes to disk instead of stdout (a trailing slash writes under a directory using the remote file name; --clobber allows overwrite); writing to disk always includes the raw bytes regardless of escape sequences. --output and --json are mutually exclusive. --json fields include name, path, gitSHA, size, type, encoding, and content (base64 encoded).
• gh repo read-dir [<path>] [--ref <ref>] [--json <fields>] [--jq <expr>] lists a directory; with no path it lists the repo root. Non-TTY output is tab separated as type, name, octal mode, and byte size. --json fields include name, path, type, gitType, mode, modeOctal, gitSHA, size, and submodule. A path pointing at a file errors and points you at read-file (and vice versa).

Fall back to gh api for anything --json doesn't expose

Sometimes useful data isn't on the typed commands. Examples:

• Review-thread comments on a PR: gh api repos/{owner}/{repo}/pulls/{n}/comments (the --comments flag on gh pr view shows issue-level comments only).
• Arbitrary GraphQL: gh api graphql -f query='...' -F var=value.
• REST shortcuts: gh api repos/{owner}/{repo}/... - note the {owner}/{repo} placeholder is filled in for you when run from a repo with detected remotes; pass them literally if you want determinism.

Authentication

• gh auth status prints the active host(s), user, and which env var (if any) is being honored.
• gh auth status --json is supported.

Other notes

• gh pr checkout <n> switches branches. Use gh pr diff <n> or gh pr view <n> if you only need to read.
• NO_COLOR, CLICOLOR_FORCE, and GH_FORCE_TTY are honored. Set GH_FORCE_TTY=1 if you want TTY-style output (colors, tables, the pager, interactivity) inside an agent harness; leave it unset unless needed.